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AP Psychology > Chapter 2 > Flashcards

Chapter 2 Flashcards

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1
Q

clinical death

A

no pulse or heartbeat; reversible

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2
Q

biological death

A

3-4 minutes w/o oxygen, brain damage

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3
Q

psychobiology

A

biological aspects to behavior/mental processes

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4
Q

what two systems are important here?

A

nervous and endocrine

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5
Q

neuron

A

basic building block of nervous system

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6
Q

neurogenesis

A

brain regrows new brain tissue, lifelong process

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7
Q

neural plasticity

A

ability of brain to adapt and change due to an experience

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8
Q

dendrites

A

fingers
picks up on messages from cells

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9
Q

what is a nerve

A

a cluster of axons

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10
Q

white vs gray matter

A

white matter is tissue made with axons covered by myelin sheath, gray matter has no sheath

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11
Q

axon

A

arm
structure that helps transmit neural messages

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12
Q

myelin sheath

A

bumps
fatty substance, insulates (avoids interferance) and speeds up nerve

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13
Q

terminal buttons

A

sends neurotransmitter to other neurons through synapse

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14
Q

synapse

A

space between neurons

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15
Q

glia

A

glues neuron in place, keeps cell going i guess

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16
Q

absolute refractory period

A

time when neuron can’t fire regardless of stimulation

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17
Q

relative refractory period

A

can only fire when given more stimulation than normal

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18
Q

neural impulse or action potential

A

energy from neuron firing, or the act of a neuron firing

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19
Q

graded potential

A

when a signal passes from neuron to neuron; electric charge just shifts, doesn’t completely change like action potential

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20
Q

threshold of excitation

A

minimum stimulus needed for 1+ neuron to activate another neuron to continue the chain up to/away from brain

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21
Q

three neurons in body

A

sensory/afferent
motor/efferent
interneuron/associational

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22
Q

sensory/afferent neuron

A

carries info from sense organs to brain/spinal cord

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23
Q

motor/efferent neuron

A

carries info from brain/spinal cord to muscles

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24
Q

interneuron/associational neuron

A

mostly in brain, relays info between neurons

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25
Q

neurotransmitter

A

any chemical substance that helps transmit neural messages

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26
Q

Long-Term Potentiation

A

vibration from stimulus continues weeks after experience

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27
Q

acetylcholine

A

excitatory neurotransmitter;
attention, motivation, memory

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28
Q

dopamine

A

brain’s reward center; pleasure

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29
Q

seratonin

A

mood molecule; regulate sleep cycle

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30
Q

norepinephrine

A

adrenal hormone, excitatory; helps neural transmitters pass synaptic gap

31
Q

2 major parts of nervous system

A

central (brain and spinal cord) and peripheral (everything else)

32
Q

endorphins

A

blocks pain signals from brain

33
Q

Central nervous system parts

A

hindbrain, midbrain, forebrain, cerebral cortex

34
Q

hindbrain parts

A

medulla, pons, cerebellum

35
Q

forebrain parts

A

thalamus, hypothalamus

36
Q

cerebral cortex parts

A

occipital lobe, temporal lobe, parietal lobe, frontal lobe

37
Q

hindbrain

A

basic survival functions

38
Q

medulla

A

vital, kinda involuntary life functions (heart rate, breathing, blood pressure) and transmits to upper brain

39
Q

pons

A

regulates body movement and sleep

40
Q

cerebellum

A

balance and coordination

41
Q

midbrain

A

reflex movements, pain signals

42
Q

forebrain

A

aka neocortex
thinking and logic

43
Q

thalamus

A

major sensory relay center (“post office”)

44
Q

hypothalamus

A

motivation

45
Q

cerebral cortex

A

made of gyri and sulci (brain folds)

46
Q

occipital lobe

A

process visual info

47
Q

temporal lobe

A

language comprehension

48
Q

parietal lobe

A

spatial awareness

49
Q

frontal lobe

A

critical thinking

50
Q

peripheral system is split into -

A

somatic (movement and environment) and autonomic (organs and glands)

51
Q

reticular formation

A

neurons in most of central nervous system that alerts other brain parts

52
Q

parts of limbic system

A

hippocampus (memories) and amygdala (emotions)

53
Q

primary motor cortex

A

voluntary movement

54
Q

Left hemisphere

A

speech and language comprehension, math, time and order

55
Q

Broca’s area

A

motor projection for speech (thoughts into words)

56
Q

expressive aphosia

A

can’t put thoughts into words

57
Q

Wernicke’s area

A

listening comprehension

58
Q

receptive aphasia

A

can’t understand language

59
Q

Right hemisphere

A

spatial awareness, creativity, context/perception, visual recognition

60
Q

corpus callebum

A

fibrous tissue, bundle of nerves, connects hemispheres

61
Q

pedi mal seizure

A

basically spacing out

62
Q

grand mal seizure

A

convulsing

63
Q

CAT scan

A

3D image from many xrays

64
Q

MRI scan

A

images of inside brain
magnetic field and radio waves

65
Q

EEG

A

electrodes, makes colored image

66
Q

PET

A

radioactive injection to see active parts of brain

67
Q

thyroid gland

A

produces thyroxin to regulate rate of metabolism

68
Q

parathyroid gland

A

produce parathormone to regulate Ca and P in blood/tissue fluids

69
Q

pineal gland

A

produce melatonin

70
Q

adrenal gland

A

release adrenaline

71
Q

pancreas

A

produce insulin, glucagon, digestive enzymes

72
Q

pituitary gland

A

controls all other glands

73
Q

posterior pituitary

A

releases hormones; vassopression and oxytocin

74
Q

anterior pituitary

A

growth hormones

AP Psychology (8 decks)

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