Chapter 1 Flashcards
Structuralism
Titchner; based on belief that psychology was used to determine perception (feelings, images, physical sensations) and how they combine
Functionalism
William james; sensations (feelings, images, physical sensations) are all completely connected - how individuals use their perception to function in the environment.
Psychodynamic
Sigmund Freud; behavior is determined by subconscious, which houses inner fears, desires, trauma, etc. Childhood heavily impacts adulthood.
Behaviorism
John B. Watson; psychology should only study visible and measurable behavior
Gestalt psychology
perception depends on how people see patterns.
Cognitive psychology
Inner mental processes (memory, decision making, feeling, etc.)
Positive psychology
psychology should focus on studying happiness + success
birth of psychology
Wilhelm Wundt, 1879, Germany
two components of psychology
physiology + philosophy
trephination
putting a hole in someone’s head to release spirits (or blood and brains)
Ancient Egyptian beliefs
7 Kas
Plato beliefs
mind and body are separate
Aristotle beliefs
mind and body are intertwined
Hippocrates
“father of modern medicine”
4 vital fluids: blood, phlegm, black bile, yellow bile
Middle Ages effects
regression back to beliefs in evil spirits
phrenology
started in 1600s. a pseudoscience. studying the bumps on someone’s head to determine personality
APA
American Psychological Association. largest psychology organization in the world. 53 divisions of psychology
psychology
study of individual human behavior
sociology
study of group behavior, interactions, and social institutions
anthropology
study of past and present culture
social psychology
how individuals are affected by a group setting
Both of John Watson’s things
tabula rosa or blank slate
little albert experiment
results of Little Albert experiment
generalizations: associating one stimuli with another
Skinner
the box where rats learn to pull levers for food
Four goals of psychology
describe, explain, predict, control
naturalistic observation
observing someone in natural environment
survey
tool to get information
case study
extensive information and analysis on an individual
clinical trials
giving treatments to determine effectiveness
