chapter 9

Question 1

What are two differences between sexual and asexual reproduction?

Answer 1

sexual: between 2 organisms, and produces a lot of diversity
asexual: requires only 1 organism, and produces no diversity

Question 2

What are diploid cells?

Answer 2

2 set of chromosomes

Question 3

What are haploid cells?

Answer 3

1 set of chromosomes

Question 4

What are autosomes and sex chromosomes?

Answer 4

autosomes: a non sex chromosomes
sex chromosomes: The x and Y chromosomes

Question 5

What are homologous pairs ?

Answer 5

2 chromosomes that have the same sequence of genes

Question 6

What are alleles?

Answer 6

Different version of genes

Question 7

What are somatic cells and germ cells?

Answer 7

somatic: body cells (diploids)
germ: found in reproductive structures (produces Gametes)

Question 8

What are gametes?

Answer 8

Sperm and egg (haploids)

Question 9

What general events occur during prophase I?

Answer 9

nucleus disapears, and chromosomes condense

Question 10

What general events occur during metaphase I

Answer 10

the pairs of chromosomes line up

Question 11

What general events occur during anaphase I

Answer 11

homologous chromosomes seperate

Question 12

What general events occur during telophase I?

Answer 12

new nucleus forms and chromosomes unravel

Question 13

What general events occur during prophase II

Answer 13

when chromosomes condense and become visible

Question 14

What general events occur during metaphase II?

Answer 14

Chromosomes line up and the cells equator

Question 15

What general events occur during anaphase II?

Answer 15

sister chromatids begin to seperate

Question 16

What general events occur during telophase II?

Answer 16

The nucleus reforms and chromosome unravel

Question 17

What are two similarities between mitosis and meiosis II?

Answer 17

1) they undergo the same phases (prophase, metaphase, anaphase, teleophase)
2) they start with one cell and end with 2

Question 18

What is crossing over and when does it occur during meiosis?

Answer 18

Its when genetic material is exchanged between homologous chromosomes and occurs during prophase 1.

Question 19

What is synapsis

Answer 19

when homologous pairs become one

Question 20

what are chiasmata?

Answer 20

the X thats formed to swap information

Question 21

What is random alignment and when does it occur during meiosis?

Answer 21

how homologous pairs line up across the cells equator in metaphase 1

Question 22

How is the expression, 2n, used to determine the amount of variation produced by random alignment?

Answer 22

to calculate the potential number of different genetic combinations produced by random alignment

Question 23

What are four differences between mitotic division and meiotic division?

Answer 23

1) mitosis only has 1 division, meiosis has 2
2) mitosis creates 2 daughter cells, meiosis creates 4
3) mitosis has identical daughter cells, meiosis doesnt
4) mitosis doesnt have crossing over/ independent assortment, meiosis does

Question 24

What is nondisjunction?

Answer 24

an improper seperation of chromosomes

Question 26

What are polyploid cells and aneuploid cells?

Answer 26

polypoid: cell with extra chromosome sets
aneuploid: cells with 1 more or 1 less chromosome set

Question 27

What are chromosomal deletion

Answer 27

some genes on the chromosomes are eliminated

Question 28

What are chromosomal duplication?

Answer 28

some genes on the chromosomes are duplicated and added