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Chapter 2A Flashcards

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Biology 101 flashcards
1
Q

What is matter?

A

Anything that takes up space and has volume and mass.

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2
Q

What is energy?

A

The ability to do work.

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3
Q

What are elements?

A

A substance that consists of only one type of matter.

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4
Q

Approximately how many elements are essential to life?

A

25

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5
Q

What are atoms?

A

Smallest unit of an element that still retains the characteristic of the element.

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6
Q

What are the three sub-atomic particles?

A
  1. Protons
  2. Neutrons
  3. Electrons
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7
Q

Protons charge, mass, and location

A

Positive, mass of one, inside the nucleus

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8
Q

Neutrons charge, mass, and location

A

No charge, mass of one, inside the nucleus

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9
Q

Electrons charge, mass, and location

A

Negative, mass of approx. 0, surrounding the nucleus

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10
Q

What is atomic number

A

The number of protons in the nucleus

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11
Q

What is mass number

A

The total number protons + neutrons

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12
Q

What are Ions?

A

An atom that has gained or lost electrons

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13
Q

What are isotopes?

A

Alternate forms of atoms

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14
Q

what is the atomic weight?

A

The average of all the different types of that element. (isotopes)

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15
Q

what are radioactive isotopes?

A

An unstable isotope

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16
Q

What are molecules?

A

Two or more combined atoms.

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17
Q

what are compounds?

A

Two or more combined atoms of different elements.

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18
Q

What are orbitals?

A

The path an atom can take around the nucleus.

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19
Q

How many electrons can be held in each orbital?

A

two

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20
Q

What are energy shells

A

where electrons can reside

21
Q

How many electrons can be held in each energy shell

A

2n²

22
Q

How does the position of an electron relate to
its energy level?

A

The closer to the nucleus the lower the energy

23
Q

What are the valence shell and valence electrons?

A

The outermost occupied shell

24
Q

What is electronegativity?

A

The ability of an element/atom to attract electrons

25
Q

What are chemical bonds

A

What links atoms

26
Q

What are the three types of chemical bonds
common in living systems?

A
  1. Ionic Bonds (Transfer electrons gain or loss)
  2. Covalent Bonds (share electrons)
  3. Hydrogen Bonds
27
Q

Ionic bonds location and relative strength

A

are intermolecular and strong

28
Q

covalent bonds location and relative strength

A

are intermolecular and strong

29
Q

hydrogen bonds location and relative strength

A

they hold molecules together and are weak

30
Q

what are nonpolar covalent bonds

A

sharing of electrons that is equally shared

31
Q

what are polar covalent bonds

A

The nucleus of one atom has a stronger pull on the electron

32
Q

What are the five life-supporting properties of water?

A
  1. Cohesive and adhesive
  2. many substances dissolve in water
  3. water regulates temperature
  4. water expands as it freezes
  5. water participates in life’s chemical reaction
33
Q

What is cohesion

A

The attraction of water molecules to one another

34
Q

what is adhesion

A

the attraction of water molecules to other substances other than water

35
Q

What are solvents

A

a chemical in which other things dissolve

36
Q

what are solutes

A

chemicals that dissolve in the solvent

37
Q

what are solutions

A

the mixture of a solute dissolved in a solvent.

38
Q

what is a hydrophobic substance

A

they repel water

39
Q

what is a hydrophilic substance

A

it is attracted to water

40
Q

What are chemical Reactions

A

The rearrangement of chemical bonds

41
Q

What are reactants

A

A starting material in a chemical reaction

42
Q

what are products

A

The results of a chemical reaction

43
Q

What is the balanced chemical equation
for photosynthesis?

A

6CO2+6H2O→C6H12O6+6O2

44
Q

What is pH

A

The power of hydrogen

45
Q

What is the pH scale

A

A measurement of how acidic or basic a solution is

46
Q

What is the equation for the dissociation of water?

A

H2O ⇌ H+ + OH-

47
Q

What is an acid

A

when there are more hydrogen atoms then hydroxide

48
Q

what is a base

A

when there are more hydroxide atoms then hydrogen

bio (7 decks)

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