chapter 4

Question 1

what is energy

Answer 1

The ability to do work

Question 2

What are potential and kinetic energy

Answer 2

pot- stored energy
kin- energy that is doing work

Question 3

what are the 3 types of work required by cells

Answer 3

1. chemical
2. transport
3. mechanical

Question 4

what are the first and second laws of thermodynamics

Answer 4

1. The law of energy conservation: energy cannot be created or destroyed.
2. energy transformations are not efficient

Question 5

what is entropy

Answer 5

the chaos that ensues when cell dont have energy

Question 6

what is metabolism

Answer 6

the collection of all reactions happening in a cell

Question 7

what is a chemical work

Answer 7

energy for chemical reactions

Question 8

what is transport work

Answer 8

energy to transport things in and out of the cell

Question 9

what is mechanical work

Answer 9

energy to move things within a cell

Question 10

what is a exergonic reaction

Answer 10

a reaction that releases energy

Question 11

what is a endergonic reaction

Answer 11

a reaction that gain energy

Question 12

What are oxidation-reduction (redox) reactions?

Answer 12

A reaction when electrons are lost and gained

Question 13

What is an electron transport chain

Answer 13

the movement of electrons through the membrane to get work done.

Question 14

what is cellular currency

Answer 14

atp

Question 15

What are the three components of ATP?

Answer 15

3 phosphate groups (triphosphate), Ribose, and adenine

Question 16

What is the equation for the exergonic hydrolysis of ATP?

Answer 16

ATP + H2O = ADP + P + energy

Question 17

What is the
equation for the endergonic dehydration of ADP?

Answer 17

ADP + P + energy = ATP + H2O

Question 18

What are coupled reactions

Answer 18

2 simultaneous chemical reactions, one provides the energy that drives the other

Question 19

what are phosphorylation reaction

Answer 19

the addition of phosphate to a molecule

Question 20

what are enzymes

Answer 20

catalysts which speeds the the of a reaction

Question 21

What are the active and allosteric binding sites?

Answer 21

regions we find on an enzymes

Question 22

what is activation energy

Answer 22

The amount of energy that is required for a reaction to occur

Question 23

what is negative feedback

Answer 23

They have to be regulated

Question 24

What are competitive inhibition?

Answer 24

when the inhibitor blocks the active cite

Question 25

What are
noncompetitive inhibition?

Answer 25

When the inhibitor blocks the allosteric binding cite

Question 26

What are selective permeability

Answer 26

the ability of a membrane to control what substances can pass through it

Question 27

What are concentration gradients?

Answer 27

difference in solute concentration

Question 27

what is passive transport

Answer 27

movement without the input of energy

Question 28

what is diffusion

Answer 28

the movement of substances from a high to low concentration, until there is an equal concentration

Question 29

What are simple and facilitated diffusion?

Answer 29

simple- moving things into a cells membrane without aid
facilitated- requires assistance

Question 30

what is osmosis

Answer 30

the diffusion of water

Question 31

what are the terms of tonicity

Answer 31

hypertonic (more solutes), hypotonic (less solutes), isotonic (sane solutes)

Question 32

What is the meaning of these terms and their impact on osmosis in red blood cells?

Answer 32

it will either shrink (hypertonic), swell and potentially burst (hypotonic), or remain unchanged (isotonic)

Question 33

what is active transport

Answer 33

the offset of diffusion

Question 34

what are endocytosis

Answer 34

how to move things (1. large things, 2. polar things like water, 3. and charged things.) into a cell

Question 35

what are exocytosis?

Answer 35

how to move things (1. large things, 2. polar things like water, 3. and charged things.) out of a cell

Question 36

What is phagocytosis?

Answer 36

cells eating