chapter 6 Flashcards
what is cellular respiration
the process by which cells within an organism convert glucose and oxygen into energy (ATP)
What is the balanced equation for cellular respiration?
C6 H12 O6 + 6O2—- 6CO2 + 6H2O + ATP
What are the four stages of cellular respiration?
glycolysis, pyruvate oxidation, Krebs cycle, and oxidative phosphorylation
What generally occurs during glycolysis?
Sugars split
What are the energy investment phases?
The first stage of glycolysis where energy must be provided to break down the sugars
What is the name of the three-carbon molecule produced during glycolysis, and how
many are formed for each molecule of glucose?
Pyruvate: 2
What is substrate level phosphorylation?
ATP formation occurring when an enzyme transfers a phosphate group from a high-energy donor molecule to ADP
How many
molecules of ATP are used and produced during glycolysis from each molecule of glucose?
2 are used
4 are produced
How many
molecules of NADH are produced during glycolysis for each molecule of glucose?
2
What generally occurs during pyruvate oxidation?
Further breaking of bonds
How many molecules of ATP are produced during pyruvate oxidation?
No ATP
What generally occurs during the Krebs cycle?
it completes the oxidation of each acetyl group, releasing CO2
How many molecules of ATP are produced during the Krebs cycle?
2
How many molecules of NADH are produced during pyruvate oxidation?
2
How many molecules of CO2 are produced during pyruvate oxidation?
2
How many molecules of NADH are produced during the Krebs cycle?
6
How many molecules of FADH2 are produced during the Krebs cycle?
2
How many molecules of CO2 are produced during the Krebs cycle?
4
What combines with
acetyl CoA to form citrate?
Oxaloacetate
How many rotations of the Krebs cycle are completed for each molecule of
glucose?
2
What generally occurs during oxidative phosphorylation (electron transport chain)?
A ton of atp is made
How many molecules of ATP are produced during oxidative phosphorylation?
34
How many molecules of NADH are produced during oxidative phosphorylation?
0
How many molecules of FADH2 are produced during oxidative phosphorylation?
0
How many molecules of and CO2 are produced during oxidative phosphorylation?
0
Why is oxygen required during this stage, and what is its fate?
Needed to move electrons, its fate is that it becomes water
How are hydrogen ions moved into the intermembrane space, and what is the result of the accumulation of hydrogen ions?
membrane-bound enzymes use energy from the electrons to move hydrogen where it is turned into atp in the atp synthase.
What is the path that most electrons travel?
electrons move from glucose to NADH to electron transport chain to oxygen
What is ATP synthase?
it synthesizes atp
What is one advantage and one disadvantage to anaerobic pathways?
Advantage: even without oxygen it can still make atp
disadvantage: the amount of atp is less
What is the balanced equation
for alcoholic fermentation
C6H12O6 → 2C2H5OH + 2CO2
What is the balanced equation lactic acid fermentation?
