chapter 2b Flashcards
What are organic molecules?
A compound containing carbon
What are hydrocarbons
Contains hydrogen and carbons
How does the structure of carbon contribute to the diversity of organic molecules?
Because it can bond to as many as 4 things
What are structural isomers?
Alternate forms of a molecule that has the same number and type of elements. Just structured differently.
What are the four classes of large (biologically important) organic molecules?
- Proteins
- lipids
- carbohydrates
- nucleic acids
What are monomers?
A building block to one compound
What are polymers
A large compound with repeated subunits
How is dehydration synthesis used to link monomers into polymers?
A covalent bond is formed and water is loss
How is hydrolysis used to break bonds that link monomers?
It breaks a covalent bond by adding water
What are the two main groups of carbohydrates?
- Simple sugars (mono, di)
- Complex sugars (Olig, poly)
What is the monomer of carbohydrates?
monosaccharides
What are glycosidic bonds?
The name of the bond that holds monosaccharides
What are disaccharides?
2 monosaccharides
What are oligosaccharides
3-99 monosaccharides
What are polysaccharides?
over 100 monosaccharides
What is the common energy storage and structural polysaccharides in plants?
Structural polysaccharides is cellulose
energy storage is starch
What is the common energy storage and structural polysaccharides in animals?
Structural polysaccharides is Chitin
energy storage is glycogen
What is the monomer of proteins
amino acids
How many types of amino acids are there?
20
What are peptide bonds?
The name of the bond that holds adjacent amino acids
What are peptides
They have less than 100 Amino acids
What are polypeptides?
They have 100 or more amino acids
What are proteins?
A polypeptide that has folded into its functional shape.
What is one of the most important roles of proteins in cells?
Enzymes
What are the four levels of protein folding?
primary, secondary, tertiary, and quaternary structures
whats the primary level
The linear sequence
What’s the secondary level
the formation of sheets and coils
What’s the tertiary level
The overall shape of polypeptides
what are quaternary structures?
The interaction of multiple tertiary structures
What is protein denaturation?
When a protein unfolds.
what are two conditions that can denature a
protein?
- extremes in temperature
2.extremes of pH
What are four types of proteins?
- Structural
- contractile
- transport
- storage
