chapter 2b

Question 1

What are organic molecules?

Answer 1

A compound containing carbon

Question 2

What are hydrocarbons

Answer 2

Contains hydrogen and carbons

Question 3

How does the structure of carbon contribute to the diversity of organic molecules?

Answer 3

Because it can bond to as many as 4 things

Question 4

What are structural isomers?

Answer 4

Alternate forms of a molecule that has the same number and type of elements. Just structured differently.

Question 5

What are the four classes of large (biologically important) organic molecules?

Answer 5

1. Proteins
2. lipids
3. carbohydrates
4. nucleic acids

Question 6

What are monomers?

Answer 6

A building block to one compound

Question 7

What are polymers

Answer 7

A large compound with repeated subunits

Question 8

How is dehydration synthesis used to link monomers into polymers?

Answer 8

A covalent bond is formed and water is loss

Question 9

How is hydrolysis used to break bonds that link monomers?

Answer 9

It breaks a covalent bond by adding water

Question 10

What are the two main groups of carbohydrates?

Answer 10

1. Simple sugars (mono, di)
2. Complex sugars (Olig, poly)

Question 11

What is the monomer of carbohydrates?

Answer 11

monosaccharides

Question 12

What are glycosidic bonds?

Answer 12

The name of the bond that holds monosaccharides

Question 13

What are disaccharides?

Answer 13

2 monosaccharides

Question 14

What are oligosaccharides

Answer 14

3-99 monosaccharides

Question 15

What are polysaccharides?

Answer 15

over 100 monosaccharides

Question 16

What is the common energy storage and structural polysaccharides in plants?

Answer 16

Structural polysaccharides is cellulose
energy storage is starch

Question 17

What is the common energy storage and structural polysaccharides in animals?

Answer 17

Structural polysaccharides is Chitin
energy storage is glycogen

Question 18

What is the monomer of proteins

Answer 18

amino acids

Question 19

How many types of amino acids are there?

Answer 19

20

Question 20

What are peptide bonds?

Answer 20

The name of the bond that holds adjacent amino acids

Question 21

What are peptides

Answer 21

They have less than 100 Amino acids

Question 22

What are polypeptides?

Answer 22

They have 100 or more amino acids

Question 23

What are proteins?

Answer 23

A polypeptide that has folded into its functional shape.

Question 24

What is one of the most important roles of proteins in cells?

Answer 24

Enzymes

Question 25

What are the four levels of protein folding?

Answer 25

primary, secondary, tertiary, and quaternary structures

Question 26

whats the primary level

Answer 26

The linear sequence

Question 27

What’s the secondary level

Answer 27

the formation of sheets and coils

Question 28

What’s the tertiary level

Answer 28

The overall shape of polypeptides

Question 29

what are quaternary structures?

Answer 29

The interaction of multiple tertiary structures

Question 30

What is protein denaturation?

Answer 30

When a protein unfolds.

Question 31

what are two conditions that can denature a
protein?

Answer 31

1. extremes in temperature
   2.extremes of pH

Question 32

What are four types of proteins?

Answer 32

1. Structural
2. contractile
3. transport
4. storage