Chapter 9 Flashcards
proteins have many___ resulting in a wide range of____
structures, functions
different types of proteins?
enzymatic, storage, hormonal, motor/contractile, defensive, transport, receptor, structural
enzymatic proteins function? and example?
act to speed up chemical reactions, digestive enzyme such as trypsin
storage protein function and example?
the function of storage proteins are storing amino acids and an example: ovalbumin which provides amino acids to a growing embryo
hormonal protein function and example?
hormonal proteins function to help maintain homeostasis.
example: insulin
contractile and motor protein function and example?
function is that they are involved in movement and the example: actin and myosin
defensive proteins function and example?
function: help to protect us from diseases and example is antibodies
transport proteins function and example?
transport substances
example: permeases, hemoglobin
structural proteins function and example?
provide a role in support
example: collagen and keratin
receptor proteins function and example?
helps the cell react and respond to stimuli
example: receptors on nerve cells
proteins are polymers made up of monomers called?
amino acids
how many standard amino acids are there?
there are 20!
what are amino acids?
monomers of proteins: are organic molecules possessing both carboxyl and amino groups: differ in their properties due to side chain called R GROUPS which are different for each amino acid.
amino acids with nonpolar side chains are?
hydrophobic
amino acids with polar side chains are?
hydrophilic
electrically charged amino acids can be?
acidic or basic
side chain has a negative charge due to carboxyl group
side chain has a positive charge
how are the amino acids joined together to form a polymer?
dehydration synthesis
the bond formed between two amino acids is called?
peptide bond
peptide bond?
forms when a carboxyl group from one amino acid reacts with the amino group of a second amino acid
polypeptide vs protein?
a polypeptide is a chain of amino acids linked together by peptide bonds. a protein is a complete functional molecule made up of one or more polypeptides that are folded into a specific dimensional shape.
protein has?
biological activity, it is stable, conformation is unique for each protein: it depends on the sequence of amino acids in the polypeptide and how the side groups of each amino acid interact with one another.
the amino acid sequences of polypeptides was first determined using chemical means by?
frederick sanger
what determines how a protein functions?
its specific conformation
protein can be broken down into?
4 levels of organization
