Chapter 9

Question 1

proteins have many___ resulting in a wide range of____

Answer 1

structures, functions

Question 2

different types of proteins?

Answer 2

enzymatic, storage, hormonal, motor/contractile, defensive, transport, receptor, structural

Question 3

enzymatic proteins function? and example?

Answer 3

act to speed up chemical reactions, digestive enzyme such as trypsin

Question 4

storage protein function and example?

Answer 4

the function of storage proteins are storing amino acids and an example: ovalbumin which provides amino acids to a growing embryo

Question 5

hormonal protein function and example?

Answer 5

hormonal proteins function to help maintain homeostasis.
example: insulin

Question 6

contractile and motor protein function and example?

Answer 6

function is that they are involved in movement and the example: actin and myosin

Question 7

defensive proteins function and example?

Answer 7

function: help to protect us from diseases and example is antibodies

Question 8

transport proteins function and example?

Answer 8

transport substances
example: permeases, hemoglobin

Question 9

structural proteins function and example?

Answer 9

provide a role in support
example: collagen and keratin

Question 10

receptor proteins function and example?

Answer 10

helps the cell react and respond to stimuli
example: receptors on nerve cells

Question 11

proteins are polymers made up of monomers called?

Answer 11

amino acids

Question 12

how many standard amino acids are there?

Answer 12

there are 20!

Question 13

what are amino acids?

Answer 13

monomers of proteins: are organic molecules possessing both carboxyl and amino groups: differ in their properties due to side chain called R GROUPS which are different for each amino acid.

Question 14

amino acids with nonpolar side chains are?

Answer 14

hydrophobic

Question 15

amino acids with polar side chains are?

Answer 15

hydrophilic

Question 16

electrically charged amino acids can be?

Answer 16

acidic or basic
side chain has a negative charge due to carboxyl group
side chain has a positive charge

Question 17

how are the amino acids joined together to form a polymer?

Answer 17

dehydration synthesis

Question 18

the bond formed between two amino acids is called?

Answer 18

peptide bond

Question 19

peptide bond?

Answer 19

forms when a carboxyl group from one amino acid reacts with the amino group of a second amino acid

Question 20

polypeptide vs protein?

Answer 20

a polypeptide is a chain of amino acids linked together by peptide bonds. a protein is a complete functional molecule made up of one or more polypeptides that are folded into a specific dimensional shape.

Question 21

protein has?

Answer 21

biological activity, it is stable, conformation is unique for each protein: it depends on the sequence of amino acids in the polypeptide and how the side groups of each amino acid interact with one another.

Question 22

the amino acid sequences of polypeptides was first determined using chemical means by?

Answer 22

frederick sanger

Question 23

what determines how a protein functions?

Answer 23

its specific conformation

Question 24

protein can be broken down into?

Answer 24

4 levels of organization

Question 25

primary structure of protein?

Answer 25

unique sequence of amino acids ina. polypeptide

Question 26

secondary structure of protein?

Answer 26

folding or coiling of the polypeptide into a helix or a pleated sheet. it results from the hydrogen bonding between the molecules of the backbone.
- r groups are not involved

Question 27

tertiary structure of protein?

Answer 27

is the overall 3 dimensional shape of a polypeptide: results from interactions between the r groups of amino acids.

Question 28

quaternary structure?

Answer 28

association of two or more polypeptides
example: collagen, hemoglobin

Question 29

what are the two main classes of protein structure?

Answer 29

fibrous proteins: collagen,keratin
globular proteins: hemoglobin

Question 30

what is the structure of an amino acid?

Answer 30

amino group, side chain, and carboxyl group

Question 31

what are the nonpolar amino acids?

Answer 31

glycine, alanine, valine, leucine, isoleucine, methionine, phenylalanine, tryptophan, proline

Question 32

what are the polar amino acids?

Answer 32

serine, threonine, cysteine, tyrosine, asparagine, glutamine

Question 33

what are the electrically charged amino acids? acidic

Answer 33

aspartic acid and glutamic acid

Question 34

what are the electrically charged amino acids? basic

Answer 34

lysine, arginine, histidine