Chapter 7 Flashcards
what are the two types of nucleic acids?
deoxyribonucleic acid DNA
ribonucleic acid RNA
what is dna and what is the role of dna: name 4 things total
- genetic information that organisms inherit from their parents
- provides the information for controlling cell activities
- directs synthesis of mRNA
- through mRNA, cell proteins are made
what is the central dogma of molecular biology?
the flow of information from dna to rna to protein.
nucleic acids are made up of monomers called?
nucleotides
what is a nucleotide made up of?
sugar, phosphate group, and a nitrogenous base
what are the possible sugars?
- in dna its deoxyribose
- in rna its ribose
what are the nitrogenous bases in dna and rna?
dna: adenine, thymine, cytosine, guanine
rna: adenine, uracil, cytosine, guanine
nitrogenous bases belong to one of two families which are?
pyrimidines: one 6 membered ring: cytosine, thymine, uracil
purine: one 6 membered ring fused to one 5 membered ring: adenine, guanine
so the monomers for nucleic acids are nucleotides but what are the specific ones for dna and rna?
monomer for dna: deoxyribonucleotide
monomer for rna: ribonucleotide
who was the first one to isolate dna?
friedrich miescher
who is albrecht kossel?
determined the chemical composition of nucleic acids
nucleic acids exist as polymers called?
polynucleotides: the phosphate joins the sugars together forming a sugar phosphate backbone
what is the bond that joins nucleotides together?
phosphodiester bond
a phosphodiester bond forms between the ___ carbon of one sugar and the ___ carbon of another sugar
3’, 5’
who discovered the 3d structure of dna?
james watson and francis crick: rosalind franklin played a large role as well but she didnt win the prize because she died at a young age from ovarian cancer.
