Chapter 5

Question 1

what are the most important large molecules found in all living things?

Answer 1

carbohydrates, lipids, proteins, and nucleic acids

Question 2

what are carbs, lipids, proteins, and nucleic acids referred to as?

Answer 2

macromolecules

Question 3

how are macromolecules formed?

Answer 3

joining of several similar organic molecules called monomers to form polymer

Question 4

monomers form larger molecules via?

Answer 4

dehydration synthesis: removes water: requires energy and enzymes

Question 5

how do polymers disassemble?

Answer 5

via hydrolysis: adding water: requires enzymes but energy is released

Question 6

what is the monomer of carbohydrates?

Answer 6

monosaccharide/simple sugar

Question 7

carbohydrates purpose? what do carbs include?

Answer 7

serve as fuel for the body and building material
carbohydrates include sugars and polymers of sugars

Question 8

3 types of carbohydrates are?

Answer 8

monosaccharides/simple sugars, disaccharides, and polysaccharides

Question 9

what are monosaccharides?

Answer 9

simple sugar, can be used for fuel, can be combined into polymers, made up of c, h, o
GENERAL FORMULA: CH2O

Question 10

what functional groups do monosaccharides have?

Answer 10

1 carbonyl group and multiple hydroxyl groups

Question 11

aldosugar vs ketosugar?

Answer 11

aldosugars have a terminal carbonyl group and ketosugars have an internal carbonyl group

Question 12

what is the most common monosaccharide?

Answer 12

glucose: C6H12O6
it is a hexose/aldohexose

Question 13

what are disaccharides?

Answer 13

consist of two monosaccharides and form when two monosaccharides link together via dehydration synthesis

Question 14

what is a glycosidic bond?

Answer 14

the covalent bond between the two sugar molecules is called a glycosidic bond

Question 15

what are polysaccharides?

Answer 15

polymers of sugars. involved in storage or structural function in cells

Question 16

what are the two storage polysaccharides?

Answer 16

starch and glycogen

Question 17

what is starch?

Answer 17

polymer consisting of only glucose monomers
- major storage form of glucose in plants
- amylose is the unbranched one and amylopectin is the branched one

Question 18

what is glycogen?

Answer 18

polymer of glucose and is the major storage form of glucose in animals.
- stored mainly in muscle cells and the liver

Question 19

what are the structural polysaccharides?

Answer 19

cellulose and chitin

Question 20

what is cellulose?

Answer 20

polymer of glucose and is a major component of the tough cell walls.
- humans cant digest it but cows have microbes in their stomach to help with the process

Question 21

why do we eat cellulose if we cant digest it?

Answer 21

fiber: prevents constipation and stimulates mucous production

Question 22

what is chitin?

Answer 22

found in exoskeleton of arthropods and found in cell wall of fungi