Chapter 12 Flashcards
all organisms are made up of?
cells
single celled organisms vs multicellular organisms?
single celled: bacteria, archaea, some protists
multicellular: plants, animals, fungi
what is the cell theory?
- every living organism is made up of one or more cells.
- cells are the smallest,basic unit of life.
- all cells arise from pre-existing cells
what are the 2 types of cells?
prokaryotic vs eukaryotic cells
prokaryotic vs eukaryotic cells?
prokaryotic: small, doesnt have nucleus, lack membrane bound organelles , 1-5um
eukaryotic: large, has nucleus, has membrane bound organelles, 10-100um
do larger organisms have larger cells?
no, they just have more cells
4 basic components of any cell?
- cell membrane
- cytoplasm
- genetic material: dna/rna
- ribosomes
all organisms can be placed into one of 3 domains?
bacteria, archaea, and eukarya
what is an organelle?
a membrane enclosed structure with a specialized function
ex: golgi
what is the endomembrane system?
collection of membraneous organelles inside and surrounding the cell.
nuclear envelope, er, golgi, vesicles, lysosomes, plasma membrane, vacuoles
the membranes of the endomembrane system are related by?
direct physical continuity or by vesicular transport
what organelles are found in plant cells but not animal cells?
chloroplast, cell wall, central vacuole, plastids
what organelles are found in animal cells but not plant cells?
lysosome, centrioles, cilia/flagella, smaller vacuoles
animal cells dont have a cell wall, they have?
extracellular matrix consisting of protein fibres, most abundant is collagen. collagen plays a role in structural support.
collagen is embedded in a network of?
proteoglycan complexes
whats the function of the ECM?
- provides structural support
- helps keep cells in place
- keeps cells in contact with eachother
- role in communicating with the cell
plant cell communication?
plant cells form direct connections with one another at plasmodesmata. these are channels that connect the cytoplasm of two plant cells.
how do animal cells communicate?
through gap junctions: consist of specialized membrane proteins that surround a pore allowing certain molecules to pass through.
how are cells studied?
with the use of microscopes
whats the most commonly used microscope in the lab?
light microscope
4 different types of light microscopes?
bright field microscope
dark field microscope
phase contrast microscope
fluorescence microscope
most modern microscopes are?
compound microscopes: use several lenses in combination to enlarge an image
what are compound microscopes useful for?
- looking at dead stained cells
- one will see a dark object on a light background
what microscopes allow to see living organisms?
darkfield and phase contrast microscopes
