Chapter 3

Question 1

what is the biological medium on earth?

Answer 1

water

Question 2

all living organisms require water..

Answer 2

more than any other susbtance

Question 3

how is the earth habitable?

Answer 3

due to the abundance of water, 3/4th of the earths surface is submerged in water

Question 4

the polarity of water molecules allow them to..

Answer 4

form hydrogen bonds with eachother

Question 5

how many hydrogen bonds can each water molecule capable of forming with other water molecules?

Answer 5

4 hydrogen bonds

Question 6

what is cohesion?

Answer 6

cohesion is the joining together of many water molecules due to hydrogen bonding.

Question 7

water molecules exhibit?

Answer 7

cohesion

Question 8

what does cohesion help with?

Answer 8

pulling water up through the plant

Question 9

water has adhesive properties, what does this mean?

Answer 9

adhesion is clinging of one substance to another. water can form hydrogen bonds with other molecules such as the molecules that make up the cell walls of plants.

Question 10

water has high surface tension, what does that mean?

Answer 10

measure of how hard it is to break the surface of a liquid.

Question 11

water has a high specific heat, what does that mean?

Answer 11

water can absorb or lose a large amount of heat before its own temperature is changed

Question 12

what does the high specific heat feature do to help the earth?

Answer 12

helps stabilize water temperatures and moderate air temperature

Question 13

water has high heat of vaporization, what does that mean?

Answer 13

amount of energy required to change 1gram of it from liquid to gas

Question 14

water is an excellent solvent, what does this mean?

Answer 14

solvent is a dissolving agent and solute is what is being dissolved.

Question 15

almost any charged or polar molecule can…

Answer 15

be dissolved in water

Question 16

what would happen if nacl was put into a beaker of water?

Answer 16

the oxygen in water is attracted to sodium and hydrogen in water is attracted to chlorine. then the salt will dissolve which results in a solution.

Question 17

what is a solution?

Answer 17

homogenous mixture of 2 or more substances

Question 18

so what are the 6 properties of water based on hydrogen bonding?

Answer 18

1) cohesive
2) adhesive
3) high surface tension
4) high specific heat
5) high heat of vaporization
6) excellent solvent

Question 19

what is a hydrophilic substance?

Answer 19

substance that loves water: charged or polar

Question 20

what is a hydrophobic substance?

Answer 20

substance that doesn’t love water: nonpolar

Question 21

what is an acid?

Answer 21

a substance that increases the hydrogen ion concentration of a solution

Question 22

what is a base?

Answer 22

a substance that reduces the hydrogen ion concentration of a solution

Question 23

low vs high pH?

Answer 23

low: high concentration of hydrogen ions
high: low concentration of hydrogen ions