Chapter 4 Flashcards
living organisms are made up of chemicals based mostly on?
the element carbon
compounds that contain carbon are called?
organic compounds
what is organic chemistry?
study of carbon compounds
carbon has an atomic number of?
6 which means it has 4 valence electrons that allows it to form 4 covalent bonds with other atoms
carbon can form covalent bonds with itself resulting in molecules that differ by?
length, branching, location of double bonds, and rings
what is the simplest organic molecule?
hydrocarbons which is a molecule made up of only carbon and hydrogen
a hydrocarbon is soluble in water?
low solubility in water because they are nonpolar
what are the main 7 functional groups?
hydroxyl, carboxyl, amino, carbonyl, sulfhydryl, phosphate, and methyl
what is a functional group?
group of atoms within a molecule that has similar chemical properties whenever it appears in various compounds
talk a little bit about HYDROXYL GROUP
compound name: ALCOHOLS
group properties: forms hydrogen bonds with water molecules and helps dissolve organic compounds such as sugars
talk a little bit about CARBONYL GROUP
compound name: ketones or aldehydes
group properties: polar
talk a little bit about CARBOXYL GROUP
compound name: carboxylic acids
group properties: acts as an acid.
talk a little bit about AMINO GROUP
compound name: amines
group properties: acts as a base
talk a little bit about SULFHYDRYL GROUP
compound name: thiols
group properties: important for protein structure
talk a little bit about PHOSPHATE GROUP
compound name: organic phosphates
group properties: important in energy transfer, dna, and highly charged
