Chapter 9 Flashcards
cellular respiration
- aerobic
- oxygen is used as sugar and broken down to carbon dioxide and water
- energy is released in the form of ATP
what is required for cellular respiration
- breathing air and eating food (glucose and oxygen)
how is ATP formed
ADP + P= ATP
how and what is glucose oxidized to
- oxidized to CO2 through redox reactions
what are the four stages of cellular respiration
- glycolysis
- pyruvate processing
- citric acid cycle
- electron transport and oxidative phosphorylation
glycolysis
- series of 10 reactions
- occurs within cytosol
how does glycolysis start
uses 2 ATP in energy investment phase
what is the products of glycolysis
- 2 NADH
- 2 ATP
- 2 pyruvate
how does glycolysis make pyruvate
breaks down glucose into pyruvate
how is NADH generated in glycolysis
through the oxidation step
how is glycolysis regulated
feedback inhibition
pyruvate processing
produced during glycolysis and is transported into mitochondria
cristae
actual folds of mitochondria
where does pyruvate processing occur
mitochondria
what is pyruvate oxidized into to
two carbon compound acetyl CoA
what enzyme does pyruvate processing take place in
pyruvate dehydrogenase
what is produced from pyruvate processing
- one of its carbons is oxidized to CO2
- NADH produced
- produce acetyl CoA
citric acid cycle
completes the breakdown of glucose to CO2
what are the products of the citric acid cycle
NADH and FADH2 (electron carriers)
how many times does the citric acid cycle occur
runs two times for each glucose
what do 2 turns of the citric acid cycle produce per glucose
- 6 CO2
- 4 ATP
- 10 NADH
- 2 FADH2
how is the citric acid cycle regulated
- different mechanisms of feedback inhibition can turn off the citric acid cycle
- reaction rates higher when ATP and NADH are scarce
- reaction rates are lower when ATP or NADH is abundant
where does the citricmit acid cycle occur
mitochondria
electron transport chain and oxidative phosphorylation
main production of ATP through eceltron transport chain and chemiosmosis