Chapter 5 terms Flashcards
monosaccharide
1 sugar; monomer; glucose
disaccharides
2 sugars; dimer; sucrose
oligosaccharide
3+ sugars
polysaccharides
100’s of sugars; polymer; structural role; starch
how are monosaccharides bonded together
glycosidic linkages
what causes glycosidic linkages to break
hydrolysis reaction
What are alpha linkages
“Under table”; under sugar ring; hydroxyl group
What is a beta linkage
“On top of table”; above sugar ring; hydroxyl group
Function of carbs
- energy
- recognition and identity
- structure
What is starch and where is it found
Found in plants; helix structure
What is the main function of starch
Energy reserves in plants
What is the structure of starch
Branched every 30 monomers
What are the 2 types of starch
- Amylase(unbranched)
- Amylopectin(branched)
What carbs do animals have
Glycogen
What is the function and structure of glycogen
Function: energy storage (storage polysaccharide)
Structure: highly branched every 1/10 monomer
What carb do fungi have
Chitin
What is function of chitin
Structural polymer for cell walls
What is the structure of chitin
- B glycosidic linkages
- linear (every other monomer)
- hydrogen bonds
What other carb can be found in plants
Cellulose
What is the structure and function of cellulose
Structure: B linkages- harder to break
Function: structure support in cell wall and polymer of glucose
How do you number glucose
Move clockwise after finding oxygen
Glycoproteins
Carbs attached to proteins
Glycolipids
Carbs attached to lipids
What are the functions of glycoproteins and glycolipids
- Cell recognition “identify self”
- Cell signaling
Triose
Monosaccharide with 3 carbon atoms
Pentose
Monosaccharide with 5 carbons
Hexose
Monosaccharide with 6 carbons
Aldose
Monosaccharide with carbon backbone and carbonyl group on end most carbon atom
Ketose
Monosaccharide with 3 carbon atoms
Why is branching important in carbs
Branching allows carbs to tap into the energy reserves
