Chapter 4 terms Flashcards
nucleic acid
polymers of nucleotides; polynucleotides
nucleotides
monomers of nucleic acids
DNA
deoxyribonucleic acid; deoxyribose
what is the main function of DNA
store and transmit biological information
what is the structure of DNA
double helix
how does the double helix strand work in DNA
2 strands; alternating sugar-phosphate backbone; hydrophobic interactions between bases
what bonds are associated with DNA
hydrogen
What are the base pairs for DNA
A,T,C,G
RNA
ribonucleic acid; ribose
what is the main function of RNA
protein synthesis
what is the structure of RNA
hairpin
how does the hairpin structure work in RNA
1 strand; unpaired region forms a loop while antiparallel base paring forms double helix
what are the nitrogenous bases of RNA
A,U,C,G
what are the nitrogenous bases
A,T,U,C,G
nucleoside
nucleotide without phosphate group
how are nucleotides bonded
by phosphodiester linkages
what are the nucleotide components
- phosphate group
- 5 carbon sugar
- nitrogenous base
what bond hold together nitrogenous bases
hydrogen bonds
semi conservative model
way DNA replicates; each strand of an existing DNA serves as a template for DNA replication
transcription
translates DNA to RNA
translation
RNA into protein
mRNA
messenger RNA; controls protein synthesis
tRNA
transfer RNA; carries a specific amino acid
what are pyrimidines
U, T, and C