Chapter 7 terms

Question 1

organelle

Answer 1

break up large cell volume into smaller, membrane bound organelles

Question 2

plasmid

Answer 2

small, circular, DNA molecules

Question 3

nucleoid

Answer 3

location in prokaryotic cell that contains genetic material

Question 4

flagella

Answer 4

rotate to propel cell

Question 5

fimbriae

Answer 5

promote attachment to other cells or surfaces

Question 6

cell wall

Answer 6

forms protective “exoskeleton”; outside of cell wall

Question 7

what is the structure of the cell wall

Answer 7

tough, fibrous, layer bonded to carbs

Question 8

do animals have a cell wall

Answer 8

no

Question 9

function of cytoskeleton

Answer 9

assist in cell division and maintain shape

Question 10

what form the basis of cytoskeleton

Answer 10

ribosomes

Question 11

ribosome

Answer 11

protein synthesis

Question 12

nuclear envelope

Answer 12

encloses the nucleolus to separate it from cytoplasm

Question 13

nucleolus

Answer 13

site of ribosomal synthesis

Question 14

nucleus

Answer 14

site of genetic material

Question 15

chromatin

Answer 15

long strands of DNA

Question 16

nuclear pore

Answer 16

mediates transport of macromolecules between nucleus and cytoplasm

Question 17

endoplasmic reticulum

Answer 17

accounts for half of the total membrane in eukaryotic cell

Question 18

chromosomes

Answer 18

where DNA is located

Question 19

cytoplasm

Answer 19

all contents within cell other than nucleus

Question 20

what are the two types of ER

Answer 20

1. Smooth ER- lacks ribosomes
2. Rough ER- ribosomes studding its surface

Question 21

smooth ER

Answer 21

• stores calcium
• synthesizes lipids
• metabolizes carbs
• detoxifies

Question 22

rough ER

Answer 22

• membrane factory
• distributes transport vesicles

Question 23

free ribosomes

Answer 23

ribosomes located in the cytosol

Question 24

bound ribosome

Answer 24

nuclear envelope or outside of ER

Question 25

endomembrane system

Answer 25

regulates protein traffic and preforms metabolic functions

Question 26

what are the components that make up the endomembrane system

Answer 26

- nuclear envelope -ER - Golgi apparatus - lysosomes - vacuoles - plasma membrane

Question 27

vesicles

Answer 27

- amazon trucks - ship materials from one part of cell to another

Question 28

what does the nucleus represent or act like in a company memorizing trick

Answer 28

cooperate

Question 29

vacuoles

Answer 29

- plant cells - storage units - control water movement

Question 30

Golgi apparatus

Answer 30

- processes, sorts, and ships proteins

Question 31

what are the two sides of the Golgi apparatus

Answer 31

- cis: surface closest to nucleus and receives products from ER - trans: faces plasma membrane and ships products out to other organelles or cell surface

Question 32

plasma membrane

Answer 32

serves as selectively permeable barrier

Question 33

cytosol

Answer 33

fluid portion of eukaryotic cell; small volume

Question 34

lysosome

Answer 34

enzymes that can hydrolyze proteins, fats, polysaccharides, and nucleic acids; digest macromolecules

Question 35

transport vesicles

Answer 35

proteins surrounded by membranes

Question 36

cisternae

Answer 36

series of stacked, flat, membranous sacs

Question 37

chloroplats

Answer 37

sites of photosynthesis; take in energy from sunlight

Question 38

mitochondria

Answer 38

sites of cellular respiration; use glucose to make energy (ATP)

Question 39

central dogma

Answer 39

flow of infromation order

Question 40

what is the central dogma for cells

Answer 40

1. protein enters ER 2. protein exists ER 3. protein enters Golgi apparatus 4. protein exits Golgi apparatus 5, protein is secreted from cell

Question 41

peroxisomes

Answer 41

oxidative organelles - rusting - oxidation reactions -

Question 42

what are the 3 main types of fibers that make up the cytoskeleton

Answer 42

1. microtubules- thickest 2. microfilaments- thinnest 3. intermediate filament- fibers with diameters in a middle range

Question 43

what is another name for microfilaments

Answer 43

actin

Question 44

myosin

Answer 44

motor protein

Question 45

what happens when actin interacts with myosin

Answer 45

moves things from one place to another

Question 46

centrosome

Answer 46

microtubules organizing center

Question 47

centrioles

Answer 47

divide up microtubules into 3 groups

Question 48

cytokinesis

Answer 48

divides a animal cell in two