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Biology Lecture > Chapter 7 terms > Flashcards

Chapter 7 terms Flashcards

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AP® Biology flashcards Biology 101 flashcards
1
Q

organelle

A

break up large cell volume into smaller, membrane bound organelles

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2
Q

plasmid

A

small, circular, DNA molecules

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3
Q

nucleoid

A

location in prokaryotic cell that contains genetic material

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4
Q

flagella

A

rotate to propel cell

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5
Q

fimbriae

A

promote attachment to other cells or surfaces

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6
Q

cell wall

A

forms protective “exoskeleton”; outside of cell wall

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7
Q

what is the structure of the cell wall

A

tough, fibrous, layer bonded to carbs

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8
Q

do animals have a cell wall

A

no

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9
Q

function of cytoskeleton

A

assist in cell division and maintain shape

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10
Q

what form the basis of cytoskeleton

A

ribosomes

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11
Q

ribosome

A

protein synthesis

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12
Q

nuclear envelope

A

encloses the nucleolus to separate it from cytoplasm

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13
Q

nucleolus

A

site of ribosomal synthesis

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14
Q

nucleus

A

site of genetic material

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15
Q

chromatin

A

long strands of DNA

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16
Q

nuclear pore

A

mediates transport of macromolecules between nucleus and cytoplasm

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17
Q

endoplasmic reticulum

A

accounts for half of the total membrane in eukaryotic cell

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18
Q

chromosomes

A

where DNA is located

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19
Q

cytoplasm

A

all contents within cell other than nucleus

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20
Q

what are the two types of ER

A
  1. Smooth ER- lacks ribosomes
  2. Rough ER- ribosomes studding its surface
21
Q

smooth ER

A
  • stores calcium
  • synthesizes lipids
  • metabolizes carbs
  • detoxifies
22
Q

rough ER

A
  • membrane factory
  • distributes transport vesicles
23
Q

free ribosomes

A

ribosomes located in the cytosol

24
Q

bound ribosome

A

nuclear envelope or outside of ER

25
Q

endomembrane system

A

regulates protein traffic and preforms metabolic functions

26
Q

what are the components that make up the endomembrane system

A
  • nuclear envelope
    -ER
  • Golgi apparatus
  • lysosomes
  • vacuoles
  • plasma membrane
27
Q

vesicles

A
  • amazon trucks
  • ship materials from one part of cell to another
28
Q

what does the nucleus represent or act like in a company memorizing trick

A

cooperate

29
Q

vacuoles

A
  • plant cells
  • storage units
  • control water movement
30
Q

Golgi apparatus

A
  • processes, sorts, and ships proteins
31
Q

what are the two sides of the Golgi apparatus

A
  • cis: surface closest to nucleus and receives products from ER
  • trans: faces plasma membrane and ships products out to other organelles or cell surface
32
Q

plasma membrane

A

serves as selectively permeable barrier

33
Q

cytosol

A

fluid portion of eukaryotic cell; small volume

34
Q

lysosome

A

enzymes that can hydrolyze proteins, fats, polysaccharides, and nucleic acids; digest macromolecules

35
Q

transport vesicles

A

proteins surrounded by membranes

36
Q

cisternae

A

series of stacked, flat, membranous sacs

37
Q

chloroplats

A

sites of photosynthesis; take in energy from sunlight

38
Q

mitochondria

A

sites of cellular respiration; use glucose to make energy (ATP)

39
Q

central dogma

A

flow of infromation order

40
Q

what is the central dogma for cells

A
  1. protein enters ER
  2. protein exists ER
  3. protein enters Golgi apparatus
  4. protein exits Golgi apparatus
    5, protein is secreted from cell
41
Q

peroxisomes

A

oxidative organelles
- rusting
- oxidation reactions -

42
Q

what are the 3 main types of fibers that make up the cytoskeleton

A
  1. microtubules- thickest
  2. microfilaments- thinnest
  3. intermediate filament- fibers with diameters in a middle range
43
Q

what is another name for microfilaments

A

actin

44
Q

myosin

A

motor protein

45
Q

what happens when actin interacts with myosin

A

moves things from one place to another

46
Q

centrosome

A

microtubules organizing center

47
Q

centrioles

A

divide up microtubules into 3 groups

48
Q

cytokinesis

A

divides a animal cell in two

Biology Lecture (15 decks)

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