Chapter 7 terms Flashcards
organelle
break up large cell volume into smaller, membrane bound organelles
plasmid
small, circular, DNA molecules
nucleoid
location in prokaryotic cell that contains genetic material
flagella
rotate to propel cell
fimbriae
promote attachment to other cells or surfaces
cell wall
forms protective “exoskeleton”; outside of cell wall
what is the structure of the cell wall
tough, fibrous, layer bonded to carbs
do animals have a cell wall
no
function of cytoskeleton
assist in cell division and maintain shape
what form the basis of cytoskeleton
ribosomes
ribosome
protein synthesis
nuclear envelope
encloses the nucleolus to separate it from cytoplasm
nucleolus
site of ribosomal synthesis
nucleus
site of genetic material
chromatin
long strands of DNA
nuclear pore
mediates transport of macromolecules between nucleus and cytoplasm
endoplasmic reticulum
accounts for half of the total membrane in eukaryotic cell
chromosomes
where DNA is located
cytoplasm
all contents within cell other than nucleus
what are the two types of ER
- Smooth ER- lacks ribosomes
- Rough ER- ribosomes studding its surface
smooth ER
- stores calcium
- synthesizes lipids
- metabolizes carbs
- detoxifies
rough ER
- membrane factory
- distributes transport vesicles
free ribosomes
ribosomes located in the cytosol
bound ribosome
nuclear envelope or outside of ER
endomembrane system
regulates protein traffic and preforms metabolic functions
what are the components that make up the endomembrane system
- nuclear envelope
-ER - Golgi apparatus
- lysosomes
- vacuoles
- plasma membrane
vesicles
- amazon trucks
- ship materials from one part of cell to another
what does the nucleus represent or act like in a company memorizing trick
cooperate
vacuoles
- plant cells
- storage units
- control water movement
Golgi apparatus
- processes, sorts, and ships proteins
what are the two sides of the Golgi apparatus
- cis: surface closest to nucleus and receives products from ER
- trans: faces plasma membrane and ships products out to other organelles or cell surface
plasma membrane
serves as selectively permeable barrier
cytosol
fluid portion of eukaryotic cell; small volume
lysosome
enzymes that can hydrolyze proteins, fats, polysaccharides, and nucleic acids; digest macromolecules
transport vesicles
proteins surrounded by membranes
cisternae
series of stacked, flat, membranous sacs
chloroplats
sites of photosynthesis; take in energy from sunlight
mitochondria
sites of cellular respiration; use glucose to make energy (ATP)
central dogma
flow of infromation order
what is the central dogma for cells
- protein enters ER
- protein exists ER
- protein enters Golgi apparatus
- protein exits Golgi apparatus
5, protein is secreted from cell
peroxisomes
oxidative organelles
- rusting
- oxidation reactions -
what are the 3 main types of fibers that make up the cytoskeleton
- microtubules- thickest
- microfilaments- thinnest
- intermediate filament- fibers with diameters in a middle range
what is another name for microfilaments
actin
myosin
motor protein
what happens when actin interacts with myosin
moves things from one place to another
centrosome
microtubules organizing center
centrioles
divide up microtubules into 3 groups
cytokinesis
divides a animal cell in two
