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Biology Lecture > Chapter 6 lipids terms > Flashcards

Chapter 6 lipids terms Flashcards

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AP® Biology flashcards Biology 101 flashcards
1
Q

Diffusion

A

Movement that are not water molecules; spontaneous

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2
Q

What type of movement is diffusion

A

Moves from lots of molecules to little amount of molecules

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3
Q

Osmosis

A

Water movement

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4
Q

What is the concentration gradient

A

Moving from on gradient to another; difference in solute concentration

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5
Q

Moving with gradient

A

Lots of molecules to little amount of molecules;no energy needed

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6
Q

Moving against gradient

A

Little amount of molecules to lots of molecules; takes energy

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7
Q

Passive transport

A

-facilitated diffusion
- moving with gradient
- no energy need

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8
Q

what are the 2 types of passive transport

A
  1. channel- protein moves pathway
  2. carrier- protein physically grabs onto whatever is moving across membrane
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9
Q

plasma membrane

A

separates cells interior; keep damaging materials out

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10
Q

what does the plasma membrane house

A

phospholipids

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11
Q

permeability

A

ability for things to go through

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12
Q

low permeability

A

cannot pass thru easily

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13
Q

high permeability

A

can pass thru easily

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14
Q

is the plasma membrane permeable

A

somewhat permeable

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15
Q

phospholipid bilayer

A
  • found in plasma membrane
  • double layer
  • head and tail
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16
Q

what is the structure of the phospholipid head

A

hydrophilic and polar; faces outwards

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17
Q

what is the structure of the phospholipid tail

A

hydrophobic and nonpolar; faces inwards

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18
Q

how does he phospholipid bilayer form

A

when put into water

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19
Q

what is the main difference between lipids compared to the other macromolecules

A

they are nonpolar and hydrophobic

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20
Q

what are the 3 main types of lipids

A
  1. steroids
  2. fats
  3. phospholipids
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21
Q

what is a steroid

A

a hormone; cholesterol

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22
Q

what is the structure of steroids

A

clunky ring structure and the tail comes off ring structure along with functional groups

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23
Q

what are fats

A

energy storage

24
Q

what is the structure of fats

A
  • fatty acids linked to glycerol
  • held together via ester linkages
  • dehydration reactions
25
Q

what are phospholipids

A

long hydro carbon chains that function to control molecular traffic

26
Q

what is the structure of phospholipids

A
  • phosphate group
  • polar group
  • make up cell membrane
27
Q

why are phospholipids considered amphipathic

A

they have both hydrophobic and hydrophilic regions

28
Q

why is tail structure important

A

determines how membrane behaves
- kink
- no kink
- length

29
Q

how does temperature affect membrane fluidity

A
  • warmer temp= membranes more fluid
  • lower temp= membranes become less fluid
30
Q

rigid

A

low movement; can easliy get through

31
Q

what is the main function of cholesterol

A

prevents membranes from being too liquid

32
Q

how do phospholpids move

A

laterally and can sometimes flip flop

33
Q

what aspects determine how phospholipids move

A

rigid or tightly packed together

34
Q

why do membranes move so much

A

cells need to exchange materials and need movement for this

35
Q

why do molecules move across membranes

A

create equilibrium

36
Q

do channel and carrier transport move with or against gradient

A

with gradient

37
Q

how does water like to move

A

more water (less solute) to less water (more solute)

38
Q

net transport

A

want amount of solute entering and exiting to be the same; cancel out

39
Q

isotonic (animals)

A
  • at equilibrium
  • no net difference in water
  • amount of water coming in=amount of water going out
40
Q

hypotonic (animals)

A
  • water moves into cell
  • more water coming into cell than going out
  • cell will swell
41
Q

hypertonic (animals)

A
  • water moves out of cell
  • loose water and shrink/shrivel
42
Q

what state of tonicity do plants prefer

A

hypotonic because the pressure gives structural support to the plant

43
Q

hypotonic (plants)

A

completely filed with water

44
Q

isotonic (plants)

A

loose pressure because water leaving and going is the same

45
Q

hypertonic (plants)

A
  • no water coming in
  • solute building up
  • cell membrane starts to pull away from cell wall
46
Q

channel proteins

A
  • help to move larger, polar molecules
  • very selective
  • hydrophilic and hydrophobic conditions
47
Q

why is ion movement important

A

important for cellular respiration

48
Q

what is the concentration of ion movement

A

electrochemical gradients

49
Q

flaccid

A

limp; low cell pressure

50
Q

turgid

A

swollen; high cell pressure

51
Q

pumps

A

sodium and potassium; against concentration gradients

52
Q

osmolarity

A

concentration of dissolved solutes in a solution

53
Q

saturated fats

A

undisrupted chain
- animals fats
- exist at room temperature -

54
Q

unsaturated fats

A

kink=double chain
- exist as liquid at room temperature

55
Q

aquaporin

A

type of channel protein that facilitates osmosis

56
Q

fluid mosaic model

A

proteins are inserted into the lipid bilayer making membrane a fluid, dynamic mosaic of phospholipids and proteins

Biology Lecture (15 decks)

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