Chapter 6 lipids terms

Question 1

Diffusion

Answer 1

Movement that are not water molecules; spontaneous

Question 2

What type of movement is diffusion

Answer 2

Moves from lots of molecules to little amount of molecules

Question 3

Osmosis

Answer 3

Water movement

Question 4

What is the concentration gradient

Answer 4

Moving from on gradient to another; difference in solute concentration

Question 5

Moving with gradient

Answer 5

Lots of molecules to little amount of molecules;no energy needed

Question 6

Moving against gradient

Answer 6

Little amount of molecules to lots of molecules; takes energy

Question 7

Passive transport

Answer 7

-facilitated diffusion
- moving with gradient
- no energy need

Question 8

what are the 2 types of passive transport

Answer 8

1. channel- protein moves pathway
2. carrier- protein physically grabs onto whatever is moving across membrane

Question 9

plasma membrane

Answer 9

separates cells interior; keep damaging materials out

Question 10

what does the plasma membrane house

Answer 10

phospholipids

Question 11

permeability

Answer 11

ability for things to go through

Question 12

low permeability

Answer 12

cannot pass thru easily

Question 13

high permeability

Answer 13

can pass thru easily

Question 14

is the plasma membrane permeable

Answer 14

somewhat permeable

Question 15

phospholipid bilayer

Answer 15

• found in plasma membrane
• double layer
• head and tail

Question 16

what is the structure of the phospholipid head

Answer 16

hydrophilic and polar; faces outwards

Question 17

what is the structure of the phospholipid tail

Answer 17

hydrophobic and nonpolar; faces inwards

Question 18

how does he phospholipid bilayer form

Answer 18

when put into water

Question 19

what is the main difference between lipids compared to the other macromolecules

Answer 19

they are nonpolar and hydrophobic

Question 20

what are the 3 main types of lipids

Answer 20

1. steroids
2. fats
3. phospholipids

Question 21

what is a steroid

Answer 21

a hormone; cholesterol

Question 22

what is the structure of steroids

Answer 22

clunky ring structure and the tail comes off ring structure along with functional groups

Question 23

what are fats

Answer 23

energy storage

Question 24

what is the structure of fats

Answer 24

• fatty acids linked to glycerol
• held together via ester linkages
• dehydration reactions

Question 25

what are phospholipids

Answer 25

long hydro carbon chains that function to control molecular traffic

Question 26

what is the structure of phospholipids

Answer 26

- phosphate group - polar group - make up cell membrane

Question 27

why are phospholipids considered amphipathic

Answer 27

they have both hydrophobic and hydrophilic regions

Question 28

why is tail structure important

Answer 28

determines how membrane behaves - kink - no kink - length

Question 29

how does temperature affect membrane fluidity

Answer 29

- warmer temp= membranes more fluid - lower temp= membranes become less fluid

Question 30

rigid

Answer 30

low movement; can easliy get through

Question 31

what is the main function of cholesterol

Answer 31

prevents membranes from being too liquid

Question 32

how do phospholpids move

Answer 32

laterally and can sometimes flip flop

Question 33

what aspects determine how phospholipids move

Answer 33

rigid or tightly packed together

Question 34

why do membranes move so much

Answer 34

cells need to exchange materials and need movement for this

Question 35

why do molecules move across membranes

Answer 35

create equilibrium

Question 36

do channel and carrier transport move with or against gradient

Answer 36

with gradient

Question 37

how does water like to move

Answer 37

more water (less solute) to less water (more solute)

Question 38

net transport

Answer 38

want amount of solute entering and exiting to be the same; cancel out

Question 39

isotonic (animals)

Answer 39

- at equilibrium - no net difference in water - amount of water coming in=amount of water going out

Question 40

hypotonic (animals)

Answer 40

- water moves into cell - more water coming into cell than going out - cell will swell

Question 41

hypertonic (animals)

Answer 41

- water moves out of cell - loose water and shrink/shrivel

Question 42

what state of tonicity do plants prefer

Answer 42

hypotonic because the pressure gives structural support to the plant

Question 43

hypotonic (plants)

Answer 43

completely filed with water

Question 44

isotonic (plants)

Answer 44

loose pressure because water leaving and going is the same

Question 45

hypertonic (plants)

Answer 45

- no water coming in - solute building up - cell membrane starts to pull away from cell wall

Question 46

channel proteins

Answer 46

- help to move larger, polar molecules - very selective - hydrophilic and hydrophobic conditions

Question 47

why is ion movement important

Answer 47

important for cellular respiration

Question 48

what is the concentration of ion movement

Answer 48

electrochemical gradients

Question 49

flaccid

Answer 49

limp; low cell pressure

Question 50

turgid

Answer 50

swollen; high cell pressure

Question 51

pumps

Answer 51

sodium and potassium; against concentration gradients

Question 52

osmolarity

Answer 52

concentration of dissolved solutes in a solution

Question 53

saturated fats

Answer 53

undisrupted chain - animals fats - exist at room temperature -

Question 54

unsaturated fats

Answer 54

kink=double chain - exist as liquid at room temperature

Question 55

aquaporin

Answer 55

type of channel protein that facilitates osmosis

Question 56

fluid mosaic model

Answer 56

proteins are inserted into the lipid bilayer making membrane a fluid, dynamic mosaic of phospholipids and proteins