Chapter 9

Question 1

motivation

Answer 1

the force that moves people to behave, think and feel the way they do

Question 2

instinct

Answer 2

an unlearned biological pattern of behavior that is assumed to be universal throughout a species

Question 3

need

Answer 3

a deprivation that energizes the drive to eliminate or reduce the deprivation

Question 4

drive

Answer 4

an aroused state that occurs because of a physiological need

Question 5

homeostasis

Answer 5

the body’s tendency to maintain an equilibrium or steady state

Question 6

yerkes-dodson law

Answer 6

performance is best under conditions of moderate arousal rather than high or low

Question 7

sexual orientation

Answer 7

the direction of an individuals erotic interests

Question 8

pansexual

Answer 8

a persons sexual attractions do not depend on the biological sex, gender, or gender identity of others

Question 9

asexual

Answer 9

a person experiences a lack of sexual attraction to others

Question 10

hierarchy of needs

Answer 10

maslows theory that human needs must be satisfied in this sequence: physiological needs, safety, love and belongingness, esteem and self actualization

Question 11

self actualization

Answer 11

the motivation to develop ones full potential as a human being

Question 12

self determination theory

Answer 12

all humans have three basic needs: competence, relatedness and autonomy

Question 13

autonomy

Answer 13

the sense that we are in control of our own life

Question 14

intrinsic motivation

Answer 14

motivation based on internal factors such as needs

Question 15

extrinsic motivation

Answer 15

motivation that involves external incentives such as rewards and punishments

Question 16

self regulation

Answer 16

the process in which an organism controls its behavior in order to pursue important objectives

Question 17

emotion

Answer 17

feeling that can involve physiological arousal, conscious experience, and behavioral expression

Question 18

james lange theory

Answer 18

emotion results from physiological states triggered by stimuli in the environment

Question 19

cannon-bard theory

Answer 19

the proposition that emotion and physiological reaction occur simultaneously

Question 20

two factor theory of emotion

Answer 20

schacter and singer; emotion is determined by two factors: physiological arousal and cognitive labeling

Question 21

facial feedback hypothesis

Answer 21

facial expressions can influence emotions and reflect them

Question 22

display rules

Answer 22

sociocultural standards that determine when, where, and how emotions should be expressed

Question 23

valence

Answer 23

refers to whether it feels pleasant or unpleasant

Question 24

arousal

Answer 24

the degree to which the emotion is reflective in the person being active or excited versus passive or calm