Chapter 13

Question 1

clinical psychology

Answer 1

integrates science and theory to prevent and treat psychological disorders.

Question 2

psychotherapy

Answer 2

A nonmedical process that helps individuals with psychological disorders recognize and overcome their problems.

Question 3

biological therapies

Answer 3

treatments that reduce or eliminate the symptoms of psychological disorders by altering aspects of body functioning.

Question 4

psychiatrists

Answer 4

medical doctors who specialize in treating psychological disorders

Question 5

sociocultural therapy

Answer 5

Treatments that acknowledge the relationships, roles, and cultural contexts that characterize an individual’s life, often bringing them into the therapeutic context.

Question 6

evidence-based practice

Answer 6

Integration of the best available research with clinical expertise in the context of client characteristics, culture, and preferences.

Question 6

therapeutic alliance

Answer 6

The relationship between the therapist and client—an important element of successful psychotherapy.

Question 6

psychodynamic therapies

Answer 6

Treatments that stress the importance of the unconscious mind, extensive interpretation by the therapist, and the role of early childhood experiences in the development of an individual’s problems.

Question 6

psychoanalysis

Answer 6

Freud’s therapeutic technique for analyzing an individual’s unconscious thoughts.

Question 7

free association

Answer 7

A psychoanalytic technique that involves encouraging individuals to say aloud whatever comes to mind, no matter how trivial or embarrassing.

Question 8

dream analysis

Answer 8

A psychoanalytic technique for interpreting a person’s dreams.

Question 9

transference

Answer 9

A client’s relating to the psychoanalyst in ways that reproduce or relive important relationships in the client’s life.

Question 10

resistance

Answer 10

A client’s unconscious defense strategies that prevent the person from gaining insight into their psychological problems.

Question 11

humanistic therapies

Answer 11

Treatments that uniquely emphasize people’s self-healing capacities and that encourage clients to understand themselves and to grow personally.

Question 12

client centered therapy

Answer 12

the therapist provides a warm, supportive atmosphere to improve the client’s self-concept and to encourage the client to gain insight into problems.

Question 13

reflective speech

Answer 13

A technique in which the therapist mirrors the client’s own feelings back to the client.

Question 14

unconditional positive regard

Answer 14

therapist constantly recognizes the inherent value of the client, providing a context for personal growth and self-acceptance

Question 15

empathy

Answer 15

the therapist strives to put themselves in the clients shoes-to feel the emotions the client is feeling

Question 16

genuineness

Answer 16

the therapist is a real person in the relationship with the client, sharing feelings and not hiding behind a facade of objectivity

Question 17

behavior therapies

Answer 17

Treatments that use principles of learning to reduce or eliminate maladaptive behavior.

Question 18

systematic desensitization

Answer 18

A behavior therapy that treats anxiety by teaching the client to associate deep relaxation with increasingly intense anxiety-producing situations.

Question 19

cognitive therapies

Answer 19

cognitions are the main source of psychological problems; therapies that attempt to change the individual’s feelings and behaviors by changing cognitions.

Question 20

cognitive restructuring

Answer 20

general concept for changing a pattern of thought that is presumed to be causing maladaptive behavior

Question 21

cognitions

Answer 21

thoughts (main source of psychological problems)

Question 22

cognitive behavior therapy

Answer 22

A therapy that combines cognitive therapy and behavior therapy with the goal of developing the client’s self-efficacy.

Question 23

integrative therapy

Answer 23

Using a combination of techniques from different therapies based on the therapist’s judgment of which particular methods will provide the greatest benefit for the client.

Question 24

biological therapies

Answer 24

to reduce or eliminate the symptoms of psychological disorders by altering aspects of body functioning

Question 25

antianxiety drugs

Answer 25

Commonly known as tranquilizers, drugs that reduce anxiety by making individuals calmer and less excitable.

Question 26

antidepressant drugs

Answer 26

Drugs that regulate mood.

Question 27

lithium

Answer 27

The lightest of the solid elements in the periodic table of elements, widely used to treat bipolar disorder.

Question 28

antipsychotic drugs

Answer 28

Powerful drugs that diminish agitated behavior, reduce tension, decrease hallucinations, improve social behavior, and produce better sleep patterns in individuals with a severe psychological disorder, especially schizophrenia.

Question 29

electroconvulsive therapy

Answer 29

a treatment, sometimes used for depression, that sets off a seizure in the brain.

Question 30

transcranial magnetic simulation

Answer 30

uses a magnet rather than an electrical current

Question 31

group therapy

Answer 31

A sociocultural approach to the treatment of psychological disorders that brings together individuals who share a particular psychological disorder in sessions that a mental health professional typically leads.

Question 32

family therapy

Answer 32

A sociocultural approach to the treatment of psychological disorders that brings together individuals who share a particular psychological disorder in sessions that a mental health professional typically leads

Question 33

couples therapy

Answer 33

Group therapy involving married or unmarried couples whose major problem lies within their relationship.

Question 34

self-help support groups

Answer 34

voluntary organizations of people who get together on a regular basis and discuss their topics of common interest

Question 35

cross cultural competence

Answer 35

A therapist’s assessment of their abilities to manage cultural issues in therapy and the client’s perception of those abilities.