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PSY 1100 > Chapter 2 > Flashcards

Chapter 2 Flashcards

1
Q

plasticity

A

the brains ability to adapt and change in reaction to the environment

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2
Q

afferent nerves

A

carry information to the brain and spinal cord

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3
Q

efferent nerves

A

carry information out of the brain and the spinal cord

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4
Q

neural networks

A

interconnected groups of nerve cells that integrate sensory and motor output

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5
Q

nervous system

A

the body’s electrochemical communication circuitry

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6
Q

central nervous system

A

brain and spinal cord

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7
Q

peripheral nervous system

A

network of nerves that connect the brain and spinal cord to other parts of the body

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8
Q

somatic nervous system

A

afferent nerves that carry information from the skin to the muscles (pain and temp)

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9
Q

autonomic nervous system

A

takes messages from the body’s internal organs (monitoring breathing, heart rate, etc)

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10
Q

sympathetic nervous system

A

mobilize the body for action (involved in stress)

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11
Q

parasympathetic nervous system

A

calms the body down

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12
Q

stress

A

body’s response to stressors

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13
Q

stressors

A

circumstances or events that threaten people and tax their coping abilities

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14
Q

neurons

A

nerve cells that handle the information processing function

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15
Q

dendrites

A

receive information and orient it towards the neurons cell body

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16
Q

cell body

A

contains the nucleus, which directs the manufacture of substances that the neuron needs

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17
Q

axon

A

the part of the neuron that carries information away from the cell body toward other cells

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18
Q

myelin sheath

A

layer of cells containing fat, encases most axons (speeds up the transmission of nerve impulses)

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19
Q

resting potential

A

the stable negative charge of an inactive neuron

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20
Q

action potential

A

brief wave of positive electrical charge that sweeps down the axon

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21
Q

all or nothing principle

A

once the electrical impulse reaches a certain level of intensity (threshold), it fires and moves all the way down the axon without losing any of its intensity

22
Q

synapse

A

tiny space between neurons

23
Q

neurotransmitters

A

chemical substances stored in little tiny sacs in the neuron, transmits information across the synaptic gap

24
Q

acetylcholine

A

stimulates the firing of neurons and is involved in the action of muscles, learning, and memory

25
Q

GABA

A

neurotransmitter the keeps many neurons from firing

26
Q

glutamate

A

excites many neurons to fire (learning and memory)

27
Q

norepinephrine

A

inhibits the firing of neurons in the central nervous system

28
Q

dopamine

A

helps control voluntary movement

29
Q

serotonin

A

involved in the regulation of sleep, mood, attention, and learning

30
Q

endorphins

A

natural opiates that mainly stimulate firing of neurons

31
Q

oxytocin

A

hormone and neurotransmitter that plays a role in the experience of love and social bonding

32
Q

agonist

A

drug that mimics or increases a neurotransmitter’s effects

33
Q

antagonist

A

drug that blocks a neurotransmitters effects

34
Q

medulla

A

controls vital functions

35
Q

cerebellum

A

plays important roles in motor coordination and leg/arm movements

36
Q

brain stem

A

determines alertness and regulates basic survival functions

37
Q

reticular formation

A

involved in stereotyped patterns of behavior such as walking/sleeping

38
Q

limbic system

A

controls emotion, memory, and reward processing (amygdala and hippocampus)

39
Q

amygdala

A

discrimination of objects that are necessary for survival

40
Q

hippocampus

A

storage of memories

41
Q

thalamus

A

serves as a relay station

42
Q

basal ganglia

A

control and coordinate voluntary movements

43
Q

hypothalamus

A

monitors eating, drinking, and sexual behavior, as well as emotion, stress and reward (homeostasis)

44
Q

cerebral cortex

A

responsible for mental functions such as thinking and planning

45
Q

frontal lobes

A

personality, intelligence, control of muscles

46
Q

parietal lobes

A

spatial location, attention and motor control

47
Q

temporal lobes

A

hearing, language processing, motor control

48
Q

occipital lobes

A

visual stimuli

49
Q

somatosensory cortex

A

processes body sensations

50
Q

motor cortex

A

processes information about voluntary movement

51
Q

corpus callosum

A

axons that connect the brains two hemispheres

52
Q

stem cells

A

blank slate cells

PSY 1100 (14 decks)

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