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Human Geography > chapter 9 > Flashcards

chapter 9 Flashcards

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1
Q

what does nutrients around the world depend on (3 ways)

A

level of development
physical conditions
cultural preferences

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2
Q

the amount of food that an individual consumes

A

Dietary Energy Consumption

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3
Q

physical, social, and economic access at all times to safe and nutritious food sufficient to meet dietary needs and food preferences for an active and healthy life.

A

Food Security-

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4
Q

how much of the world dont have food secutrity

A

10%

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5
Q

what is the leading source of enegy in the wolrd

A

grain

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6
Q

what is developed coutnries source of protien

A

meat(beef, pork, poultry)

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7
Q

developing countries source of protien

A

cereal grains

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8
Q

is dietary energy consumption that is continuously below that needed for a healthy life and carrying out light physical activity

A

Undernourishment

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9
Q

resons for record high food prices (4)

A

poor weather, high demans, smaller growth in productivity, use of crops as biofuels (corn oil, etc.) instead of food

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10
Q

the deliberate modification of Earth’s surface by planting crops or raising animals to eat and sell

A

Agriculture

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11
Q

he process that began when human beings first domesticated plants and animals and no longer relied entirely on hunting and gathering

A

Agricultural Revolution

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12
Q

how long ago did people start to use agricutlure

A

10,000

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13
Q

agriculture originated in multiple hearths around the world:
(5)

A

southwest asia - nile river vally and mesopotamis
eastasia- Huang he and Yellow RIver Valleys
central and south Asia
sub-saharan Africa
south and central america

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14
Q

the transfer of plants and animals, as well as people, culture, and technology, between the Western Hemisphere and Europe, as a result of European colonization and trade

A

Columbian Exchange

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15
Q

the production of food primarily for consumption by the farmer’s family

A

Subsistence Agriculture-

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16
Q

the production of food primarily for sale off the farm

A

Commercial Agricultural-

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17
Q

one that is grown for sale,rather than for farmer;s own use

A

cash Crop

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18
Q

commercial from subsistence (differenced 3)

A

lower percentage of farmers in labor face
capital intensive
larger farm size

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19
Q

11 agricultural regions

A

intensive subsistence (wet rice)
intensive subsistence(non wet rice)
Pastoral nomadism
shifting cultivation
plantation
** developing countries above
mixed crop and livestock
dairy
commercial gardening
Mediterranean
livestock ranching
grain
*** developed countries above

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20
Q

obtaining two harvests per year from one field

A

Double Cropping-

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21
Q

what type of farming is in the developing world and has no land waisted, uses animals for work and not machines, rice is the dominant crop

A

intensie subsitence farming

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22
Q

wet rice vs non wet rice

A

wet rice:rice planted on dry land in nursery and then moved as seedlings to a flooded field to promote growth; little land

non wet rice: harsh winters, crop rotaiton

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23
Q

practice of rotating use of different fields from crop to crop each year to avoid exhausting the soil

A

Crop Rotation

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24
Q

what type of farming is a form of subsistence agriculture in which people shift frequently from one field to another; tropical areas; uses slah and burn and frequent relocation

A

shifting cultivation

25
Q

farmers clear land for planting by slashing vegetation and bring the debris

A

Slash and Burn

26
Q

farmers grow crops on a cleared field for only a few years, until soil nutrients are depleted, and then leave it with nothing planted for many years so the soil can recover.

A

Frequent Relocation-

27
Q

what type of farming is based on herding of domesticated animals in dry climates, where planting crops is impossible

A

pastoral nomadism

28
Q

is seasonal migration of livestock between mountains and lowland pasture areas.

A

Transhumance

29
Q

what type of farming is a large commercial farm in developing country that specializes in one or two crops., subtropic and tropics

A

Plantation

30
Q

the capture of wild fish and other seafood lying in the waters

A

Fishing

31
Q

the cultivation of seafood under controlled conditions.

A

Aquaculture (Aquafarming)-

32
Q

capturing fish faster than they can reproduce

A

Overfishing

33
Q

the system of commercial farming found in developing countrie; is commonly used to refer to the 6 main types of commercial agriculture in developed countries, because the family farm is not an isolated activity but is integrated into a large food production industry; farm to table process

A

Agribusiness

34
Q

the practice of growing the same single crop eerie year after year

A

Monocropping

35
Q

what is the most important grain crop

A

wheat

36
Q

what type of farming is in the developed world and crops are grown for human consumption, need large areas, consumer preferences oriented

A

grain

37
Q

what type of farming in the developed world borders the sea, has crops for human consumption

A

mediteranean

38
Q

the growing of fruits, vegie, and flowers

A

Horticulture

39
Q

the predominant type of agriculture in the southeastern US

A

Commercial (or Market) Gardening and Fruit Farming-

40
Q

what type of farming is in the developed word and has migrant workers, specialises in few crops in common, predomintnat in southeastern US, processes most of the food, in closest ring

A

commercial gardenign and fruit

41
Q

what type of farming had integration of livestock and crops, Typically involves crop rotation, fraction of rotating use of different fields from crop to crop each year to avoid exhausting the soil, most important crop is corn and soybeans

A

mixed crops and livestock

42
Q

what type of farming in the developed world is on the inside ring, makes animal products, manufactures food

A

dairy

43
Q

ring surrounding a city which milk can be supplied

A

Milkshed

44
Q

what type of farming is on dry land with livestock

A

ranching

45
Q

rings of the von Thunen model

A

1- gardens and milk:parishable
2- wood and tiber: heavy
3-pasture crop rotation
4- animal grazing:space

46
Q

human actions that cause land to deteriorate to a desertlike condition

A

Desertification-

47
Q

began in the UK in the 17th century, increased productivity through improvement of crop rotation and breeding of livestock

A

The Second Agricultural Revolution (industrial)

48
Q

the invention and rapid diffusion of more productive agricultural techniques during the 1970s and 1980s

A

Green Revolution-

49
Q

what does the new techinques in the green revolution include

A

high-yeild seeds
fertilizers

50
Q

a living organism that possesses a novel combination of genetic material obtained through the use of modern biotechnology,

A

Genetically Modified Organisms (GMO)-

51
Q

cons of GMO

A

Health problems
Export problems
Europeans don’t typically buy GMO foods

52
Q

farming that depends on the use of natural prohibiting or strictly limiting synthetic substances, such as herbicides, pesticides, and growth hormones.

A

Organic Agriculture-

53
Q

a method of soil cultivation that reduces soil erosion and runoff

A

Conservation Tillage-

54
Q

a system of planting crops on ridge tops

A

Ridge Tillage

55
Q

leaves all of the harvest untouched on the fields

A

No TIllage

56
Q

challenges for farmers in developing coutries (4)

A

population growth with subsitence farming
international trade with subsitence farming
food prices
overproduction in commercial

57
Q

reasons for high food prices

A

bad weather
higher demand
smaller increases in productivity
diversion of food for biofuels
war
inflation

58
Q

are agricultural practices that preserve and enhance environmental quality

A

Sustainable agriculture-

59
Q

three agricultural revolutions over the years

A

1- neolithic,invention of farming
2- 1750-`850- industrial revolution, machines
3- green revolutions, seeds and fertilizers

Human Geography (13 decks)

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