chapter 7 Flashcards
ethnic groups do not seek ___________
to dominate
identity with a group of people who share the cultural traditions of a particular homeland or hearth.
ethnicity
identity with a group of people who are perceived to share a physiological trait
race
example of race
skin color
identity with a group of people who share legal attachment to a particular country
Nationality
ethnicity is simply =
place of cultural heritage
nationality is simpley=
person’s country of citzenship
race is simpley=
biological composition
why is skin color an important feature of race?
because in some societies, it’s the basis of where people are classified
an idea or a meaning that is widely accepted as natural by society but may not represent a reality shared by those outside the society
Social construction-
example of social construction
The attempt to classify people by race
the belief that race is the primary determinant of human traits and capacities and that racial differences produce an inherent superiority of a particular race
Racism
a person who displays discrimination or feels prejudice against people of particular races
Racist
what are the three most numerous US ethnicities
Asian Americans
African Americans
Hispanic Americans
a person having origins in any of the original peoples of Europe, the Middle East, or North America
White
a person having origins in any of the Black racial groups of Africa
Black or African American
a person having organs in any of the original peoples of the Far East, Southeast Asia, or Indian sub-continent
Asian
a person having origins in any of the original peoples of Hawaii, Guam, Samoa, or other Pacific Islands
Native Hawaiian or Other Pacific Islander
where do most people who are identify as being Hispanic American in the US come from
mexico (moslty)
second largest- puerto rican
where do African Americans cluster (in the US)
African Americans cluster in the Southeast US
how much of the populaton of the US identify as African American
Compromise ¼+ of the population
ethnic identifies of people of Canada
First Nations- others
Inuit- Descendant of idegeous- european (married to the european) people
Metis-Northern canada
what does Brail’s census ask and why
Brazil’s census asks race not ethnicity becuaseMost Brazilians are a mix of ethnicities
Brazilians come from everywhere
what race do people classify as in south Brazil and where do they come from
“Brancos” (white)
Mostly came from Portugal
what race do people classify as in North Brazil and where do they come from
Indegenous
“Pardo” (brown)
what race do people classify as in northeast Brazil and where do they come from
Mostly “pardo”
Has largest number of “prestos” (black) because they were forced to migrate from africa to be enslaved
what race do people classify as in west-coast Brazil
A mix of pardo and branco
Ethnic enclave
a place with high concentration of a ethnic group that is distinct from those in the surrounding area
where are ethnic enclaves mostly happening
Mostly in neighborhoods of large cities
most likely how does an ethnic enclave form if they have distinct physical appearances and social structures
Form through migration
what is an example of ethnic majorities in cities changing over time
In 1910 Chicago had mostly people from Europe because of growing steel, automotive, and related industries, but by 1990, most people were descendants of immigrants from Latin America and Asia
a suburban area with a cluster of a particular ethnic population
Ethnoburb
where are African Americans and Hispanics mostly clustered
urban areas
where are most African American descendants from
Africans forced to migrate to the western Hemisphere as slaves in the 18th century
where are most Asian Americans and Hispanics descendants from
from voluntary immigrants to the US in the late 20 and early 21st centuries
the movement from one region of a country to another
interregional migration
The movement within the same region of the country
intraregional migration
example of interregional migration from the US South to northern cities during the first half of the twentieth century
Freed as Slaves, most African Americans remained in the rural South during the late nineteenth century, working as sharecroppers
sharecroppers
Works fields rented from a landowner and paid rent by turning over a share of the crops to the landowner
examples of Intraregional migration from inner city ghettos to our city and inner suburban neighborhoods during the second half of the twentieth century
African Americans arriving at northern cities clustered in neighborhoods where existing African Americans already lived
cities clustered in neighborhoods where existing African Americans already lived
ghettos
the expansion of predominantly African American areas in American cities was made possible by _____, the emigration of whites from an area in anticipation of blacks immigration into the area
White Flight-
real estate agents convince white homeowner living near a black area to sell their houses at low prices, preying on their fears that black families would soon move into the neighborhood and cause property values to decline
Blockbusting
a process by which financial institutions draw red-colored lines on a map and refuse to lend money for people to purchase or improve property within the lines
Redlining
states that the law was constitutional because it provided separate, but equal, treatment of blacks and whites
Plessy v Ferguson
Blacks has to sit in the backs of buses; shops, restaurants, and hotels could choose to serve whites only
“Jim Crow ‘’ laws
White descendants from the Netherlands enacted a system of segregation in South Africa
physically separating races into different geographic areas
Newborns were classified as 1) black 2)white 3)colored or 4)Asian
Each has a different status and rights as they lived, attended school, worked, shopped, and owned land
aparthied
where your ancestry is from
Ethnicity
the country you are from
legal status
Nationality
Nationality
identity with a group of people who share legal rights and allegiance to a particular country
If someone has parents from two nationalities
dual nationality
loyalty and devotion to a nationality
Nationalism
a force that keeps a country together
Centripetal force-
a force that threatens a country’s cohesion
Centrifugal force
most numerous ethnicities in Western Asia
Turks,Iraqi Arabs, Azerbaijanis, Kurds, Syrian Arabs
five most numerous ethnicities of West- Central Asia
Punjabs
Persians
Pashtuns
Uzbeks
Azerbaijanis
a purposeful policy designed by one ethnicity or religious group to remove by violent and terror-inspiring means the civilian population of another ethnic or religious group from certain geographic areas.
Ethnic cleansing
the mass killing of a group of people in an attempt to elemintate the entire group from existance.
Genocide
what type of region do genocide and ethnic cleansing make?
homogenous region
Rohingya vs. Myanmar (myanmar killed Rohingya)
ethnic cleansing and genocide in Aisa- Myanmar
Tutis killed Hutus
Rwanda
a small geographic area that could not successfully be organized into stable countries because it was inhabited by many ethnicities with complect, long standing antagonisms toward each other
Balkanized
the process by which a state breaks down through conflicts among its ethnicities
Balkanization
a region caught between stronger colliding external cultural-political forces, under persistent stress, and often fragmented by aggressive rivals
Shatterbelt
boundaries placed on top of pre-existing ethnolinguistic boundaries
Superimposed boundaries
During the nineteenth and twentieth centuries, European countries carved up the continent into a collection of colonies, with little regard for the distribution of ethnicities
When colonies became states, some tribes were divided among more than one modern state, and others were grouped with dissimilar tribes
problems with Europeans superimposing boundaries in Africa
identify w/a group who share the cultural traditions of a particular homeland or hearth
ethnicity
identify w/ a group who share a biological ancestor
race
largest ethnic group in the US
Hispanic (latinos)
where are hispanics clustered in the US
southwest
regionally speaking, African Americans are clustered in which part of the US
southeast
regionally speaking, Aian Americans are clusterd in which part of the US
west
second largest ethnic group in the US
African Americans
which two ethnicites ar highly clustered in urban areas in the US today
African Americans and Hispanics
what was the most severe ethnic cleasnsing in the Balkans, comintted by who
Serbs
nation that segresgated people by race under policy of apartheid
South Africa
to ensure geographic isolation of different races in South Africa, ten ______- for blacks were created
homelands
state whose land corresponds to that of a particular ethnicity transformed into a nationality
nation-state
the idea that ethnicities have the right to govern themselves; self-rule
self -determination
two nations were carved from Indian subcontinent following the end of British rule in 1947
india and Pakistan
in recent years ethinc cleansing has been carried out primarily in
europe and afrcia
