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Human Geography > chapter 7 > Flashcards

chapter 7 Flashcards

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1
Q

ethnic groups do not seek ___________

A

to dominate

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2
Q

identity with a group of people who share the cultural traditions of a particular homeland or hearth.

A

ethnicity

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3
Q

identity with a group of people who are perceived to share a physiological trait

A

race

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4
Q

example of race

A

skin color

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5
Q

identity with a group of people who share legal attachment to a particular country

A

Nationality

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6
Q

ethnicity is simply =

A

place of cultural heritage

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7
Q

nationality is simpley=

A

person’s country of citzenship

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8
Q

race is simpley=

A

biological composition

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9
Q

why is skin color an important feature of race?

A

because in some societies, it’s the basis of where people are classified

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10
Q

an idea or a meaning that is widely accepted as natural by society but may not represent a reality shared by those outside the society

A

Social construction-

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11
Q

example of social construction

A

The attempt to classify people by race

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12
Q

the belief that race is the primary determinant of human traits and capacities and that racial differences produce an inherent superiority of a particular race

A

Racism

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13
Q

a person who displays discrimination or feels prejudice against people of particular races

A

Racist

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14
Q

what are the three most numerous US ethnicities

A

Asian Americans
African Americans
Hispanic Americans

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15
Q

a person having origins in any of the original peoples of Europe, the Middle East, or North America

A

White

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16
Q

a person having origins in any of the Black racial groups of Africa

A

Black or African American

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17
Q

a person having organs in any of the original peoples of the Far East, Southeast Asia, or Indian sub-continent

A

Asian

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18
Q

a person having origins in any of the original peoples of Hawaii, Guam, Samoa, or other Pacific Islands

A

Native Hawaiian or Other Pacific Islander

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19
Q

where do most people who are identify as being Hispanic American in the US come from

A

mexico (moslty)
second largest- puerto rican

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20
Q

where do African Americans cluster (in the US)

A

African Americans cluster in the Southeast US

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21
Q

how much of the populaton of the US identify as African American

A

Compromise ¼+ of the population

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22
Q

ethnic identifies of people of Canada

A

First Nations- others

Inuit- Descendant of idegeous- european (married to the european) people

Metis-Northern canada

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23
Q

what does Brail’s census ask and why

A

Brazil’s census asks race not ethnicity becuaseMost Brazilians are a mix of ethnicities
Brazilians come from everywhere

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24
Q

what race do people classify as in south Brazil and where do they come from

A

“Brancos” (white)
Mostly came from Portugal

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25
Q

what race do people classify as in North Brazil and where do they come from

A

Indegenous
“Pardo” (brown)

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26
Q

what race do people classify as in northeast Brazil and where do they come from

A

Mostly “pardo”
Has largest number of “prestos” (black) because they were forced to migrate from africa to be enslaved

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27
Q

what race do people classify as in west-coast Brazil

A

A mix of pardo and branco

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28
Q

Ethnic enclave

A

a place with high concentration of a ethnic group that is distinct from those in the surrounding area

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29
Q

where are ethnic enclaves mostly happening

A

Mostly in neighborhoods of large cities

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30
Q

most likely how does an ethnic enclave form if they have distinct physical appearances and social structures

A

Form through migration

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31
Q

what is an example of ethnic majorities in cities changing over time

A

In 1910 Chicago had mostly people from Europe because of growing steel, automotive, and related industries, but by 1990, most people were descendants of immigrants from Latin America and Asia

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32
Q

a suburban area with a cluster of a particular ethnic population

A

Ethnoburb

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33
Q

where are African Americans and Hispanics mostly clustered

A

urban areas

34
Q

where are most African American descendants from

A

Africans forced to migrate to the western Hemisphere as slaves in the 18th century

35
Q

where are most Asian Americans and Hispanics descendants from

A

from voluntary immigrants to the US in the late 20 and early 21st centuries

36
Q

the movement from one region of a country to another

A

interregional migration

37
Q

The movement within the same region of the country

A

intraregional migration

38
Q

example of interregional migration from the US South to northern cities during the first half of the twentieth century

A

Freed as Slaves, most African Americans remained in the rural South during the late nineteenth century, working as sharecroppers

39
Q

sharecroppers

A

Works fields rented from a landowner and paid rent by turning over a share of the crops to the landowner

40
Q

examples of Intraregional migration from inner city ghettos to our city and inner suburban neighborhoods during the second half of the twentieth century

A

African Americans arriving at northern cities clustered in neighborhoods where existing African Americans already lived

41
Q

cities clustered in neighborhoods where existing African Americans already lived

A

ghettos

42
Q

the expansion of predominantly African American areas in American cities was made possible by _____, the emigration of whites from an area in anticipation of blacks immigration into the area

A

White Flight-

43
Q

real estate agents convince white homeowner living near a black area to sell their houses at low prices, preying on their fears that black families would soon move into the neighborhood and cause property values to decline

A

Blockbusting

44
Q

a process by which financial institutions draw red-colored lines on a map and refuse to lend money for people to purchase or improve property within the lines

A

Redlining

45
Q

states that the law was constitutional because it provided separate, but equal, treatment of blacks and whites

A

Plessy v Ferguson

46
Q

Blacks has to sit in the backs of buses; shops, restaurants, and hotels could choose to serve whites only

A

“Jim Crow ‘’ laws

47
Q

White descendants from the Netherlands enacted a system of segregation in South Africa
physically separating races into different geographic areas
Newborns were classified as 1) black 2)white 3)colored or 4)Asian
Each has a different status and rights as they lived, attended school, worked, shopped, and owned land

A

aparthied

48
Q

where your ancestry is from

A

Ethnicity

49
Q

the country you are from
legal status

A

Nationality

50
Q

Nationality

A

identity with a group of people who share legal rights and allegiance to a particular country

51
Q

If someone has parents from two nationalities

A

dual nationality

52
Q

loyalty and devotion to a nationality

A

Nationalism

53
Q

a force that keeps a country together

A

Centripetal force-

54
Q

a force that threatens a country’s cohesion

A

Centrifugal force

55
Q

most numerous ethnicities in Western Asia

A

Turks,Iraqi Arabs, Azerbaijanis, Kurds, Syrian Arabs

56
Q

five most numerous ethnicities of West- Central Asia

A

Punjabs
Persians
Pashtuns
Uzbeks
Azerbaijanis

57
Q

a purposeful policy designed by one ethnicity or religious group to remove by violent and terror-inspiring means the civilian population of another ethnic or religious group from certain geographic areas.

A

Ethnic cleansing

58
Q

the mass killing of a group of people in an attempt to elemintate the entire group from existance.

A

Genocide

59
Q

what type of region do genocide and ethnic cleansing make?

A

homogenous region

60
Q

Rohingya vs. Myanmar (myanmar killed Rohingya)

A

ethnic cleansing and genocide in Aisa- Myanmar

61
Q

Tutis killed Hutus

A

Rwanda

62
Q

a small geographic area that could not successfully be organized into stable countries because it was inhabited by many ethnicities with complect, long standing antagonisms toward each other

A

Balkanized

63
Q

the process by which a state breaks down through conflicts among its ethnicities

A

Balkanization

64
Q

a region caught between stronger colliding external cultural-political forces, under persistent stress, and often fragmented by aggressive rivals

A

Shatterbelt

65
Q

boundaries placed on top of pre-existing ethnolinguistic boundaries

A

Superimposed boundaries

66
Q

During the nineteenth and twentieth centuries, European countries carved up the continent into a collection of colonies, with little regard for the distribution of ethnicities
When colonies became states, some tribes were divided among more than one modern state, and others were grouped with dissimilar tribes

A

problems with Europeans superimposing boundaries in Africa

67
Q

identify w/a group who share the cultural traditions of a particular homeland or hearth

A

ethnicity

68
Q

identify w/ a group who share a biological ancestor

A

race

69
Q

largest ethnic group in the US

A

Hispanic (latinos)

70
Q

where are hispanics clustered in the US

A

southwest

71
Q

regionally speaking, African Americans are clustered in which part of the US

A

southeast

72
Q

regionally speaking, Aian Americans are clusterd in which part of the US

A

west

73
Q

second largest ethnic group in the US

A

African Americans

74
Q

which two ethnicites ar highly clustered in urban areas in the US today

A

African Americans and Hispanics

75
Q

what was the most severe ethnic cleasnsing in the Balkans, comintted by who

A

Serbs

76
Q

nation that segresgated people by race under policy of apartheid

A

South Africa

77
Q

to ensure geographic isolation of different races in South Africa, ten ______- for blacks were created

A

homelands

78
Q

state whose land corresponds to that of a particular ethnicity transformed into a nationality

A

nation-state

79
Q

the idea that ethnicities have the right to govern themselves; self-rule

A

self -determination

80
Q

two nations were carved from Indian subcontinent following the end of British rule in 1947

A

india and Pakistan

81
Q

in recent years ethinc cleansing has been carried out primarily in

A

europe and afrcia

Human Geography (13 decks)

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