chapter 5 Flashcards
a system of communication through speech, which is a collection of sounds that a group of people understands to have the same meaning.
Language
a force that tends to unify people
Centripetal force
a force that tends to pull people apart
Centrifugal force
a language in daily use with a literary traditions that is not widely distributed
Developing Language
in daily use by people of all ages, but it lacks a literary tradition
Vigorous Language
used for face-to-face communication, but is losing users
Threatened Language
is still used today by older people, but is not being transmitted to children
Dying Language
the language adopted for use by the government for the conduct of business and publication of documents.
Official Language
collection of languages related through a common ancestral language.
Language Families-
collection of languages within a family related through a common ancestral language.
Language Branches
collection of languages within a branch that share a common origin in the relatively recent past and display similar grammar and vocabulary.
Language Groups
Belief that Indo-European languages (Germanic, Roce, Balto-Salvic, and Indo-Iranian) came from one language
Proto-Indo-European
a language of international communication
Lingua Franca
symbols that represent words or meaningful parts of words
Logograms
a subdivision of dialect
Subdialect
a language that results from the mixing of a colonizer’s language with the indigenous language of the people being dominated
Creole or Creolized Languages
the spread of a trait through the snowballing effect of an idea
Expansion diffusion
A language used in education, work, mass media, and government.
institutional language
a regional variation of a language distinguished by distinctive vocabulary, spelling, and pronunciation
Dialect
a dialect that is well established and widely recognized as the most acceptable for government, business, education, and mass communication
Standard Language
the standard language in England
Perceived pronunciation
a word-usage boundary
Isogloss
one unrelated to any other and therefore not attached to any language families
Isolated Language
one that is longer spoken or read in daily activities by anyone in the world
Extinct language
a language in daily use with a literary tradition that is not widely distributed
Developing language
what is a centripetal force related to this unit
sharing a language
why do people not speak the same language
because of the lack of migration between the two places
what is the grouping of english
family: indo- european
branch: germanic
group:west germanic
how much of the worlds population speak Indo-European or Sino-tibetan
2/3
what is the most widley spoken language family
indo-european
what are the four most widely spoken branches
Germanic, indo-iranian, balto-salvic,romance
what is the second most spoken language family
sino-tibetan
what are the two most widely spoken East Asia Languages families
Japanese and Korean
nomadic warrior hypothesis
Warriors conquered and brought languages with them
Sedentary Farmer Hypothesis
Farms expanded and brought languages slowly through growing families and expanding farms over a long period of time
the two hypothesis about how Proto-Inndo European language origninated
Nomadic Warrior Hypothesis (Nomadic-wandering)
Sedentary Farmer Hypothesis (sedentary-stationary)
why is there a lot of french in english
the invasion of england in 1066
