chapter 13 Flashcards
what are the three different parts of cities
metropolitan area, central city, urban areas
what are smaller urban areas called
micropolitan
an urban settlement that has been legally incorporated into independent, self-governing unit known as a municipality
Central City
where is population declining and increasing in the US
declining- East and North
increasing- west and south
consists of a central city and its surrounding built-up suburbs
Urban areas
a collection of adjacent or overlapping metropolitan areas that merge into a continuous urban region
Megalopolis
the best-known and most visually distinctive area of most cities
Central Business District (CBD)
what are two activities not in the CBD
manufacturing and residentail
areas in a developed country where health food is difficult to obtain
Food Deserts
three types of urban structure models
concentric zone, sector, multiple nuclei
what is a different version of the multiple nuclei model
galactic (peripheral)
a city grows outward from a central area in a series of concentric rings, like the growth rings of a tree.
Concentric Zone Model
who made the concentric zone model
Ernest Burge
numbered zone of the zone model
1- CBD
2-Zone of transition
3- working-class homes
4-Better residence
5- commuter zone
Most expensive housing is built in a corridor extending from downtown to the outer edge of the city. Certain parts of the city attract different activities.Expand outward like wedge from the center
Sector Model-
who made the sector model
Homer Hoyt
a city is a complex structure that includes a CBD as well as other centers around which activities occur. Some activities are attracted to nodes while others stay away
Multiple Nuclei Model
who made the multiple nuclei model
harries and Ullman
an urban area consists of an inner city surrounded by large suburban residential and service nodes or nuclei tied together by a beltway or ring road.
Galactic (Peripheral) Model-
the nodes of consumer and business services around the beltway
Edge Cities
the study of where people of varying living standards, ethnic backgrounds, and lifestyles live within an urban area
Social Area Analysis
each contains approximately 5,000 residents and correspond, where possible, to neighborhood boundaries
Census Tracts
structure in European CIties
more people live downtown
less skyscrappers
newer houses are on the outside and newer inside
most immigrants in the suburbs
which part of the concentric zones gains the most money
the inner rings
Informal Settlements
a residential area where housing has been built on land to which the occupants have no legal claim or has not been built to the city’s standards for legal buildings
what is a favela
a community/ city built with no government oversight by workers or old freed slaves; prevalent in Brazil
a residential or commercial area situated within an urban area but outside the central city
Suburb
he process of legally adding land area to a city or county
Annexation
density gadient
US tends to become less and less dense as on ventures farther from the city’s center
the development of suburbs at relatively low density and at locations that are not contiguous to the existing build-up-area
Sprawl
how does sprawl happen
evelopers buy up land on the periphery, typically farms, ad hold them until it makes economic sense to develop these tracts
which country has their land look lie swiss cheese (UK or US)
US
which country has tightly regulated development with open spaces (greenbelts)
UK
legislation and regulations to limit suburban growth and preserve farmland
Smart Growth
what does the build-up o business in the suburbs lead to
edge cities
the number of houses per unit of land diminishes as distance from the center city increases
Density Gradient-
how is modern residential suburb segregated (2)
social class, land use
three types of public transportation
heavy rail, light rail, bus
example of heavy rail
subways and elevated trains
examples of light rail
trams and streetcars
a group prevented from participating in the material benefits of a more developed society because of a variety of social and economic challenges.
Underclass
the process of converting an urban neighborhood from a predominantly low-income, renter-occupied area to a predominantly middle-class, owner-occupied area
Gentrification
what is filtering
larger houses in older neighborhoods subdivided into smaller dwellings for low-income families
government-owned housing rented to low-income people, with rents set at 30 percent of the tenant’s income.
Public Housing-
five ways the road congestions are going down
GPS
congestion charges
tolls
permits
bans
unique places in urban areas
CBD, residential areas w/ cultural characteristics
cities and scale
local; cities are centers of divercity
global; economic well-being and vibrancy depends on global economic patterns
distribution in cities
density declines with increasing distance from the city
clustered groups
rich vs. poor distance
