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Human Geography > chapter 2 > Flashcards

chapter 2 Flashcards

1
Q

study of where things are found on earth’s surfaces and the reasons behind

A

geography

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2
Q

where are populations clustered

A

developing countries

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3
Q

the max size a population can sustain

A

carrying capacity

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4
Q

the study of population characteristics

A

demography

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5
Q

how can a census be controversial

A

1) nonparticipants (homeless and ethnic minorities)
2) sampling (to get a more specific count)

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6
Q

what countries/ areas make up 3/4 of the world’s population

A

East Asia, South Asia, Europe, Southeast Asia

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7
Q

a portion of Earth that is permanently occupied b humans

A

Ecumene

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8
Q

number of humans living within an area

A

population density

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9
Q

(most used) total number of objects in an area, found by the population divided by land

A

arithmetic density

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10
Q

the number of people per unit area of arable land

A

physiological density

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11
Q

what does arable mean

A

farmable

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12
Q

the ratio of farmer to the amount of arable land

A

agricultural density

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13
Q

what does agricultural density show

A

the relationship between population and resources

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14
Q

the percent by when a population grows in a year

A

natural increase rate

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15
Q

the total number of live births in a year fro every 1,000 people

A

crude birth rate

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16
Q

the number of births in a society

A

total fertality rate

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17
Q

annual number of deaths in babies (under 1) per 1000

A

infant morality rate

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18
Q

what does crude death rate show

A

society

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19
Q

what does total feritility rate do

A

predicts the future of the society

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20
Q

what does infant mortality rate do

A

reflects the health care

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21
Q

total number of deaths in a year for every 1000 people

A

crude death rate

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22
Q

which has higher crude death rate developed or developing countries

A

developed

23
Q

a process of change in society’s population from high CBR and CDR and low NIR to a condition of low CBR and CDR, low NIR, and higher total population

A

domestic transition

24
Q

stage 1 of the domestic transition

A

low growth
-high CBR
-high CDR
-low NIR
-occurred in most of history

25
Q

stage 2 of the domestic transition

A

high growth
-high CBR
-declining CDR
-very high NIR
-industrial revolution and medical revolution (later one)

26
Q

stage 3 of the domestic transition

A

moderate growth
-declining CBR
-declining CDR
-moderate yet declining NIR

27
Q

stage 4 of the domestic transition

A

low growth
-very low CBR
-low, slightly increasing CDR
-0 or negative NIR

28
Q

the annual number of female deaths per 1000 live births relating to pregnancy

A

maternity morality rate

29
Q

what developed country has the highest maternity mortality rate

A

US

30
Q

the number of working-age people (15-64) divded by the number of persons over 65

A

potential support ratio

31
Q

what does the potential support ratio show

A

the amount of contributions to health cae and support for elderly

32
Q

bar graph that displays the percentage of a place’s population for each age and gender

A

population pyramid

33
Q

which stage would most likey have a broad base

A

2

34
Q

the number of people who are too old or young to work compared to the number of people in their productive years

A

dependency ratio

35
Q

what does the higher dependency ratio mean

A

more financial burden on those working

36
Q

focuses on distinctive health threats in each stage of the demographic transition

A

epidemiologic transition

37
Q

what is stage 1epidemiologic transition

A

pestilence and famine- epidemics and pandemics are main causes of death also animal and human attacks

38
Q

what is the stage 2 epidemiologic transition

A

receding pandemics- less violent because of innovation of medicine, sanitation and nutrition

39
Q

what type of countries are in stage 2 of the epidemiologic transition

A

poor countries

40
Q

what is stage 3 of the epidemiologic transition

A

degenerative diseases- deaths due to aging (cardiovascular and cancer)

41
Q

what is stage 4 of the epidemiologic transition

A

delayed degenerative and lifestyle diseases- delayed or sto[ed due to treatment

42
Q

what does the possible demographic transition stage 5 look like

A

very low CBR
increasing CDR
few child bearing women

43
Q

government that supports high birth rates

A

pronatalist policy

44
Q

government that supports low birth rates

A

antinatalist policy

45
Q

what does educated women lead to

A

employment, rights, contriseption, less IMR

46
Q

what are two ways to lower CBR

A

education
diffusing contriceptions

47
Q

noticed that food resources/supplies were running out too fast for population growth. Stated that food would run out unless CDR increased or CBR decreased

A

Thomas Malthus

48
Q

critics say that in some areas production has gone up

A

critics to Neo-Mathesian

49
Q

unchanging total population=

A

death rate is equal to birth rate

50
Q

3 food revolutions

A

neolithic- starting to farm
industrial- machine
green-sprays and ferilizers

51
Q

the higer the NIR the _____ the doubling time

A

lower (inverse relationship)

52
Q

number of women to men

A

sex ratio

53
Q

where a large cohort in a population creates another large group and so on. They opposite is true too

A

demographic momentum

Human Geography (13 decks)

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