chapter 2 Flashcards
study of where things are found on earth’s surfaces and the reasons behind
geography
where are populations clustered
developing countries
the max size a population can sustain
carrying capacity
the study of population characteristics
demography
how can a census be controversial
1) nonparticipants (homeless and ethnic minorities)
2) sampling (to get a more specific count)
what countries/ areas make up 3/4 of the world’s population
East Asia, South Asia, Europe, Southeast Asia
a portion of Earth that is permanently occupied b humans
Ecumene
number of humans living within an area
population density
(most used) total number of objects in an area, found by the population divided by land
arithmetic density
the number of people per unit area of arable land
physiological density
what does arable mean
farmable
the ratio of farmer to the amount of arable land
agricultural density
what does agricultural density show
the relationship between population and resources
the percent by when a population grows in a year
natural increase rate
the total number of live births in a year fro every 1,000 people
crude birth rate
the number of births in a society
total fertality rate
annual number of deaths in babies (under 1) per 1000
infant morality rate
what does crude death rate show
society
what does total feritility rate do
predicts the future of the society
what does infant mortality rate do
reflects the health care
total number of deaths in a year for every 1000 people
crude death rate
which has higher crude death rate developed or developing countries
developed
a process of change in society’s population from high CBR and CDR and low NIR to a condition of low CBR and CDR, low NIR, and higher total population
domestic transition
stage 1 of the domestic transition
low growth
-high CBR
-high CDR
-low NIR
-occurred in most of history
stage 2 of the domestic transition
high growth
-high CBR
-declining CDR
-very high NIR
-industrial revolution and medical revolution (later one)
stage 3 of the domestic transition
moderate growth
-declining CBR
-declining CDR
-moderate yet declining NIR
stage 4 of the domestic transition
low growth
-very low CBR
-low, slightly increasing CDR
-0 or negative NIR
the annual number of female deaths per 1000 live births relating to pregnancy
maternity morality rate
what developed country has the highest maternity mortality rate
US
the number of working-age people (15-64) divded by the number of persons over 65
potential support ratio
what does the potential support ratio show
the amount of contributions to health cae and support for elderly
bar graph that displays the percentage of a place’s population for each age and gender
population pyramid
which stage would most likey have a broad base
2
the number of people who are too old or young to work compared to the number of people in their productive years
dependency ratio
what does the higher dependency ratio mean
more financial burden on those working
focuses on distinctive health threats in each stage of the demographic transition
epidemiologic transition
what is stage 1epidemiologic transition
pestilence and famine- epidemics and pandemics are main causes of death also animal and human attacks
what is the stage 2 epidemiologic transition
receding pandemics- less violent because of innovation of medicine, sanitation and nutrition
what type of countries are in stage 2 of the epidemiologic transition
poor countries
what is stage 3 of the epidemiologic transition
degenerative diseases- deaths due to aging (cardiovascular and cancer)
what is stage 4 of the epidemiologic transition
delayed degenerative and lifestyle diseases- delayed or sto[ed due to treatment
what does the possible demographic transition stage 5 look like
very low CBR
increasing CDR
few child bearing women
government that supports high birth rates
pronatalist policy
government that supports low birth rates
antinatalist policy
what does educated women lead to
employment, rights, contriseption, less IMR
what are two ways to lower CBR
education
diffusing contriceptions
noticed that food resources/supplies were running out too fast for population growth. Stated that food would run out unless CDR increased or CBR decreased
Thomas Malthus
critics say that in some areas production has gone up
critics to Neo-Mathesian
unchanging total population=
death rate is equal to birth rate
3 food revolutions
neolithic- starting to farm
industrial- machine
green-sprays and ferilizers
the higer the NIR the _____ the doubling time
lower (inverse relationship)
number of women to men
sex ratio
where a large cohort in a population creates another large group and so on. They opposite is true too
demographic momentum
