Chapter 9

Question 1

Autonomic Nervous System

Answer 1

Critical for survival, regulates homeostasis and reproduction
Regulates circulation, respiration, digestion, metabolism, secretions, body temperature, reproduction
UNCONSCIOUS, INVOLUNTARY

Question 2

Sympathetic nervous system

Answer 2

Fight or flight
Maintain optimal blood supply in organs

Question 3

Parasympathetic

Answer 3

Rest and digest

Question 4

Mechanoreceptors

Answer 4

Respond to pressure, and stretch

Question 5

Chemoreceptors

Answer 5

Sensitive to chemical concentrations in the blood

Question 6

Nociceptors

Answer 6

Responsive to stimuli that threaten or damage tissue

Question 7

Thermoreceptors

Answer 7

In the hypothalamus respond to small changes in temperature of circulating blood

Question 8

Visceral

Answer 8

Internal organs, Smooth muscle, cardiac muscle and glands

Question 9

Somatic

Answer 9

Skeletal muscle
bones
soft tissue

Question 10

Solitary nucleus

Answer 10

The main visceral sensory nucleus
Information relayed to visceral control areas in the pons and medulla and hypothalamus, thalamus

Question 11

Preganglionic

Answer 11

The neuron extending from the CNS to the ganglion

Question 12

Postganglionic

Answer 12

The neuron connecting the ganglion with the effector organ

Question 13

Autonomic neurons secrete the neurotransmitters:

Answer 13

Acetylcholine, norepinephrine, Epinephrine 

Question 14

Cholinergic

Answer 14

neurons that secrete acetylcholine

Question 15

Adrenergic

Answer 15

Neurons that secrete norepinephrine or epinephrine 

Question 16

Two groups of cholinergic receptors

Answer 16

Muscarinic and nicotinic

Question 17

Neurotransmitter released My most sympathetic postganglionic neurons

Answer 17

Norepinephrine

Question 18

Paravertebral ganglia

Answer 18

Sympathetic efferents to the limbs, face, body wall, heart, and lungs synapse in ganglia along side the vertebral column

Question 19

Drugs that bind with a receptor but do not activate the receptor are called

Answer 19

Blockers

Question 20

Parasympathetic fibers are distributed in

Answer 20

Cranial nerves 3, 7, 9 and 10

Question 21

Cranial nerve three

Answer 21

Activates muscles that constrict the pupil and increase convexity of the lens

Question 22

Cranial nerve seven and nine

Answer 22

Innervate salivary glands and tears

Question 23

Cranial nerve 10

Answer 23

75%
Innervates the heart, airways, stomach, liver, pancreas, kidney, and intestines

Question 24

Parasympathetic sacral levels S2 to S4

Answer 24

Control bladder, Lower colon and external genitalia

Question 25

Locus Coeruleus

Answer 25

Regulates arousal and attention and may trigger anxiety and distress

Question 26

During a fight or flight

Answer 26

Sympathetic system prepares for vigorous muscle activity by activating the heart skeletal muscles, pupil dilation, and eccrine sweat glands
The parasympathetic system decreases heart rate and suppresses skeletal muscle activity

Question 27

Horner’s syndrome

Answer 27

Ptosis, constriction of pupils, pale skin, absence of sweating on half of the face
Occurs when lesion affects the sympathetic pathway to the head

Question 28

Lesion in the brainstem

Answer 28

Interferes with descending control of heart rate, blood pressure, respiration

Question 29

Orthostatic hypotension

Answer 29

A decrease of at least 20 mm Hg Systolic blood pressure, 10mm Hg Diastolic pressure, or a heart rate increase of greater than 20 bpm during the first three minutes after moving from supine to standing
Gravity induced pooling of blood in the lower limbs
Symptoms include dizziness, lightheadedness, fainting

Question 30

Syncope

Answer 30

Fainting

Question 31

Neurocardiogenic syncope

Answer 31

Abnormal autonomic regulation of cardiovascular system causes a sudden drop in blood pressure
Due to emotional distress (stressful situations)

Question 32

Orthostatic hypotension syncope

Answer 32

Caused by reduced blood volume, autonomic failure, prolonged bedrest, drugs