Chapter 9 Flashcards

1
Q

Autonomic Nervous System

A

Critical for survival, regulates homeostasis and reproduction
Regulates circulation, respiration, digestion, metabolism, secretions, body temperature, reproduction
UNCONSCIOUS, INVOLUNTARY

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2
Q

Sympathetic nervous system

A

Fight or flight
Maintain optimal blood supply in organs

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3
Q

Parasympathetic

A

Rest and digest

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4
Q

Mechanoreceptors

A

Respond to pressure, and stretch

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5
Q

Chemoreceptors

A

Sensitive to chemical concentrations in the blood

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6
Q

Nociceptors

A

Responsive to stimuli that threaten or damage tissue

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7
Q

Thermoreceptors

A

In the hypothalamus respond to small changes in temperature of circulating blood

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8
Q

Visceral

A

Internal organs, Smooth muscle, cardiac muscle and glands

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9
Q

Somatic

A

Skeletal muscle
bones
soft tissue

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10
Q

Solitary nucleus

A

The main visceral sensory nucleus
Information relayed to visceral control areas in the pons and medulla and hypothalamus, thalamus

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11
Q

Preganglionic

A

The neuron extending from the CNS to the ganglion

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12
Q

Postganglionic

A

The neuron connecting the ganglion with the effector organ

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13
Q

Autonomic neurons secrete the neurotransmitters:

A

Acetylcholine, norepinephrine, Epinephrine 

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14
Q

Cholinergic

A

neurons that secrete acetylcholine

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15
Q

Adrenergic

A

Neurons that secrete norepinephrine or epinephrine 

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16
Q

Two groups of cholinergic receptors

A

Muscarinic and nicotinic

17
Q

Neurotransmitter released My most sympathetic postganglionic neurons

A

Norepinephrine

18
Q

Paravertebral ganglia

A

Sympathetic efferents to the limbs, face, body wall, heart, and lungs synapse in ganglia along side the vertebral column

19
Q

Drugs that bind with a receptor but do not activate the receptor are called

20
Q

Parasympathetic fibers are distributed in

A

Cranial nerves 3, 7, 9 and 10

21
Q

Cranial nerve three

A

Activates muscles that constrict the pupil and increase convexity of the lens

22
Q

Cranial nerve seven and nine

A

Innervate salivary glands and tears

23
Q

Cranial nerve 10

A

75%
Innervates the heart, airways, stomach, liver, pancreas, kidney, and intestines

24
Q

Parasympathetic sacral levels S2 to S4

A

Control bladder, Lower colon and external genitalia

25
Locus Coeruleus
Regulates arousal and attention and may trigger anxiety and distress
26
During a fight or flight
Sympathetic system prepares for vigorous muscle activity by activating the heart skeletal muscles, pupil dilation, and eccrine sweat glands The parasympathetic system decreases heart rate and suppresses skeletal muscle activity
27
Horner’s syndrome
Ptosis, constriction of pupils, pale skin, absence of sweating on half of the face Occurs when lesion affects the sympathetic pathway to the head
28
Lesion in the brainstem
Interferes with descending control of heart rate, blood pressure, respiration
29
Orthostatic hypotension
A decrease of at least 20 mm Hg Systolic blood pressure, 10mm Hg Diastolic pressure, or a heart rate increase of greater than 20 bpm during the first three minutes after moving from supine to standing Gravity induced pooling of blood in the lower limbs Symptoms include dizziness, lightheadedness, fainting
30
Syncope
Fainting
31
Neurocardiogenic syncope
Abnormal autonomic regulation of cardiovascular system causes a sudden drop in blood pressure Due to emotional distress (stressful situations)
32
Orthostatic hypotension syncope
Caused by reduced blood volume, autonomic failure, prolonged bedrest, drugs