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Neuroscience > Chapter 11 > Flashcards

Chapter 11 Flashcards

1
Q

Somatotopic

A

Information arranged similarly to the anatomic organization of the body

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2
Q

Low-accuracy pathway

A

Not organized somatotopically, not well localized
Ex. Aching pain

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3
Q

Projection neurons

A

Neurons with long axons

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4
Q

Bundle of axons in CNS

A

Tract, column, lemniscus, fascicle

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5
Q

Somatosensory pathways are typically named for…

A

The origin and termination of the tract that contains the second order neuron

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6
Q

3 types of pathways

A

Conscious relay pathways
Divergent pathways
Non-conscious relay pathways

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7
Q

Conscious relay pathway

A

Brings info about location and type of stimulation to conscious awareness in the cerebral cortex
Convey light touch, proprioception, nociception, and temperature info

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8
Q

Divergent pathway

A

Transmits info to many locations in the brainstem and cerebrum, uses pathways with varying numbers of neurons
Ex. Aching pain

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9
Q

Nonconscious relay pathway

A

Brings non conscious proprioceptive and other movement into to the cerebellum

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10
Q

Dorsal columns

A

Carry sensory information about light touch and conscious proprioception

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11
Q

Anterolateral columns

A

Carry sensory info about nociception and temperature

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12
Q

Conscious proprioception

A

Awareness of movements and of relative position of body parts

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13
Q

Stereognosis

A

The ability to integrate touch and proprioceptive info to identify an object without vision

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14
Q

Dorsal column medial lemniscus pathway

A

Pathway that conveys light touch and conscious proprioception

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15
Q

DCML pathway 3 neuron relay

A

1 order: conveys info from receptors to medulla
2 order: conveys info from medulla to thalamus
3 order: conveys info from thalamus to cerebral cortex

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16
Q

Fasciculus gracilis

A

Axons from the lower limbs and lower trunk

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17
Q

Fasciculus cuneatus

A

Axons from the upper trunk, upper limbs, and neck

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18
Q

Cell bodies of 2nd order neurons are located in

A

Nucleus gracilis or cuneatus

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19
Q

Primary somatosensory cortex

A

Receives somatotopically organized info
Discriminates size, texture, and shape of objects
Located in postcentral gyrus

20
Q

Secondary somatosensory area

A

Analyzes info from primary somatosensory cortex and thalamus to provide stereognosis and memory of the tactile and spatial environment
Located posterior to primary somatosensory cortex

21
Q

Homunculus

A

Surrounds the cortex
A map where each part of the body is processed
Developed by recording the response of awake individuals during surgery

22
Q

Fast nociception

A

Initial immediate sharp sensation
Travel in conscious relay pathway, via spinothalamic pathway
within 100 milliseconds

23
Q

Slow nociception

A

Dull, throbbing ache that is not well localized
500 milliseconds later than fast nociception
Divergent pathway via spinolimbic pathway

24
Q

Fast nociception, temperature, and crude touch use a 3 neuron pathway in

A

The spinothalamic Tract
1 order: bring info into dorsal horn of spinal cord
2 order: crosses the midline and projects from spinal cord into thalamus
3 order: from thalamus to cerebral cortex

25
Q

The first order neurons in the fast nociception pathway is

A

Aδ
A delta fibers

26
Q

The cell body of the second order neuron is found in the
Spinothalamic tract

A

Superficial dorsal horn

27
Q

The fast nociceptive system is also called the

A

Lateral nociceptive system because the spinothalamic tract ends in the lateral thalamus

28
Q

Crude touch conveys

A

Nondiscriminative tactile information
Transmitted by C fibers
Info projects to the anterior and posterior insula

29
Q

Aδ fibers

A

Carry impulses produced by cooling/ Cold temperature
Found in free nerve endings
Lightly myelinated fibers

30
Q

C fibers

A

Carry info regarding heat
Itching, tickling
Very slow unmyelinated fibers

31
Q

Contralateral

A

Opposite side

32
Q

Ipsilateral

A

Same side

33
Q

If someone breaks a bone in the hand

A

Divergent nociceptive pathway Causes entire hand to hurt

34
Q

Medial nociception system

A

Divergent group of neurons
Elicits affective, motivational, withdrawal, arousal, and autonomic responses
Information is not somatotopically organized, cannot be precisely localized

35
Q

The first order neuron of the slow nociceptive pathway is

A

Unmyelinated C fiber
Transmits information to the spinal cord

36
Q

Spinomesencephallic tract

A

Midbrain
Transmits flow nociceptive information to the superior colliculus and the PAG
Responsible for visual reflexes
Superior colliculus plays a role in visual reflexes
PAG Activate descending tracts that modulate incoming nociceptive signals

37
Q

Spinoreticular tract

A

Terminates in the brainstem reticular formation


38
Q

Reticular formation

A

Neural net work in the brainstem that includes the reticular nuclei and their connections
Arousal, attention, sleep/wake cycles are modulated by the reticular formation
Axons then synapse to anterior cingulate cortex and insula

39
Q

Spinolimbic tract

A

Transmit slow nociceptive information
Projects to the amygdala, the insular cortex, and the ventral striatum of the basal ganglia
Involved with emotions, cognition, personality, and movement

40
Q

Injuries to the dorsal column medial lemniscus pathway cause

A

Ipsilateral loss of light touch and conscious proprioception below the level of the lesion

41
Q

Injuries to the spinothalamic tract will cause

A

Contralateral loss of pain sensation below the level of the lesion

42
Q

Antalgic

A

Modified gait characterized by a shortened stance phase on the affected side
After a lower limb injury

43
Q

Referred pain

A

Perceived as coming from a site distinct from the actual site of origin
Usually pain is referred from visceral tissues to skin
Due to brain misinterpreting the source of the nociceptive information

44
Q

Noxious

A

Harmful and/or potentially harmful

45
Q

Internal arcuate fibers

A

Carry sensory information over the midline

46
Q

Hemiplegia

A

Motor disruption for half the body
Half paralysis

47
Q

Hemiparesis

A

Severe weakness on half the body

Neuroscience (19 decks)

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