Brainscape's Knowledge GenomeTM


Top Flashcards (Certified)
All Flashcards

Neuroscience > Chapter 19 Spinal Cord > Flashcards

Chapter 19 Spinal Cord Flashcards

1
Q

filum terminale

A

bundle of connective tissue and glia that connects the end of the cord to the coccyx

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
2
Q

cauda equina

A

horselike tail
long roots exiting the lumbosacral vertebral column

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
3
Q

dorsal root

A

contains sensory axons, brings information into the spinal cord

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
4
Q

spinal nerves

A

carry all of the motor, autonomic, and sensory axons of a single spinal segment

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
5
Q

dorsal rami

A

innervate the paravertebral muscles, posterior parts of the vertebrae, and overlying cutaneous areas

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
6
Q

ventral rami

A

innervate the skeletal, muscular, and cutaneous areas of the limbs and of the anterior and lateral trunk

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
7
Q

propriospinal

A

neurons that begin and end within the spinal cord
adjacent to gray matter

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
8
Q

tract cells

A

cells with long axons that connect the spinal cord with the brain

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
9
Q

dorsal horn

A

primarily sensory, contains endings and collaterals of first-order sensory neurons, interneurons, and dendrites and somas of tract cells

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
10
Q

Nucleus Dorsalis
Clarke’s Column

A

receives proprioceptive info
relays unconscious proprioceptive info to cerebellum
from T1-L3 anterior to dorsal horn

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
11
Q

lateral horn

A

contains cell bodies of preganglionic sympathetic neurons
present only at T1-L2

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
12
Q

ventral horn

A

consists of LMN cell bodies

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
13
Q

stepping pattern generators

A

adaptable neural networks that produce rhythmic output
contribute to stepping by activating LMN, eliciting alternating flexion and extension at the hips and knees

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
14
Q

crossed extension reflex

A

interneuronal circuit that prevents falling when one is standing and lower limb is abruptly withdrawn by adjusting the muscle activity in the stance limb

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
15
Q

reciprocal inhibition

A

decreases activity in an antagonist when an agonist is active, allowing the agonist to act unopposed

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
16
Q

recurrent inhibition

A

inhibition of agonists and synergies, with disinhibition of antagonists
Renshaw cells produce recurrent inhibition

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
17
Q

sacral spinal cord controls

A

urination, bowel function, and sexual function

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
18
Q

reflexive bladder function requires

A

afferents
T1-L2 and S2-S4 cord levels
somatic, sympathetic, and parasympathetic efferents

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
19
Q

psychogenic process

A

involves erotic thoughts and is mediated by L1-L2 sympathetic fibers

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
20
Q

reflexogenic erection/engorgement and lubrication results from

A

direct sensory stimulation of the genitals and is mediated by S2-S4 afferents and S2-S4 parasympathetic fibers

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
21
Q

what elicits ejaculation and contraction of pelvic floor

A

sympathetic nerves L1-L2 and pudendal nerve with cell bodies in S2-S4

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
22
Q

vertical tract lesion

A

results in loss of communication to and from the spinal levels below the lesion

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
23
Q

peripheral region lesions

A

produce deficits in the distribution of a peripheral nerve
-altered or lost sensation in peripheral nerve distr.
-decrease or loss of muscle power in pn distri.
-no vertical tract signs
-decreased or lost phasic stretch reflex

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
24
Q

spinal region segmental signs

A

occurs when a spinal segment, nerve root, and/or spinal nerve is compromised
-altered or lost sensation in a dermatome
-decreased or lost muscle power in a myotome
-decreased or lost phasic stretch reflex
-UMN signs: loss of muscle power, spasticity, hypertonia, babinski sign, clonus

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
25
Anterior cord syndrome
caused by disruption of blood flow to anterior spinal artery interferes with nociceptive and temp sensation and motor control
26
Central cord syndrome
occurs at cervical level due to trauma small lesion: loss of nociceptive and temp info occurs at the level of the lesion large lesion: additionally impair upper limb motor function
27
Brown-Sequard Syndrome
occurs at hemisection of cord segmental losses are ipsilateral includes loss of LMN and all sensations, voluntary motor control, conscious proprioception, and light touch are lost ipsilaterally contralaterally: loss of nociception and temperature
28
Cauda equina syndrome
damage to lumbar or sacral spinal roots causing sensory impairment and flaccid paresis or paralysis of lower limb muscles, bladder, and bowels
29
Tethered cord syndrome
spinal cord becomes attached to surrounding structures during early development low back and lower limb pain, difficulty walking, scoliosis, issues with bowel/bladder control, foot deformities associated with spina bifida
30
Traumatic SCI is due to
crush, hemorrhage, edema, and infarction
31
spinal shock
immediately after injury functions are depressed or lost due to leakage of potassium into extracellular matrix below lesion: paralysis, loss of sensation, somatic reflexes are lost, autonomic reflexes are lost, blood pressure is impaired, control of sweating lost
32
reflexes mediated by S2 to S4
clitoroanal reflex bulbocavernosus reflex anal reflex
33
people with lesions above C4
can't breathe independently
34
paraplegia
damage to spinal cord below cervical level, sparing arm function
35
complete injury
lack of sensory and motor function in the lowest sacral segment
36
incomplete injury
preservation of sensory and/or motor function in the lowest sacral segment
37
Neurologic Level
the lowest, most caudal, level with normal sensory and motor function bilaterally 4 neurologic segments: right sensory, left sensory, right motor, left motor
38
ASIA classification form
evaluates neurologic level in SCI 28 bilateral points are tested with a safety pin
39
lesions above T6 result in 3 dysfunctions
orthostatic hypertension poor thermoregulation autonomic dysreflexia
40
autonomic dysreflexia
medical emergency with SCI above T6 causes sympathetic overactivity that constricts blood vessels causes abrupt increase in blood pressure -pale skin, sweating, pounding headache, reduced heart rate
41
poor thermoregulation
interferes with the ability to maintain homeostasis
42
orthostatic hypotension
20mm Hg fall in systolic bp and 10mm Hg fall in diastolic bp or greater than 20 bpm increase in heart rate within 3 min after getting up
43
Barriers to regeneration in SCI
inhibitory molecules on oligodendrocytes impenetrable glial scars decreased rate of growth in mature neurons
44
secondary changes in SCI
bleeding, edema, ischemia, pain, and inflammation
45
highest rate of recovery with SCI
people with incomplete paraplegia
46
complications after SCI
UTI, spasticity, chills and fever, contractures, penumonia, decubiti, autonomic dysreflexia, ossification
47
locomotor training
using repetitive motions and epidural stimulation to elicit activity-dependent neuroplasticity
48
radiculopathy
lesion of a nerve root
49
avulsion or severance of dorsal root causes
loss of sensation in the dermatome
50
avulsion or severance of ventral root causes
deprives the muscles in its myotome of motor innervation resulting in muscle atrophy and fibrillation
51
traumatic avulsion of C5 and C6 motor nerve roots causes
Erb's Palsy result of forceful separation of the head and shoulder
52
Klumpke's paralysis
due to avulsion of motor roots of C8 to T1 results in paralysis and atrophy of the hand intrinsic muscles and long flexors and extensors of fingers
53
sciatica
pain radiating from the lower back down to the lower limb along the path of the sciatic nerve
54
Multiple Sclerosis
demyelination of the CNS Lhermitte's sign, numbness, paresthesia
55
Lhermitte's sign
radiation of a sensation similar to electric shock down the back or limbs, elicited by neck flexion
56
Spinal region tumors
tumors outside dura or in subarachnoid space may compress spinal cord, nerve roots, spinal nerves, or their blood supply pain aggravated by coughing or sneezing
57
vertebral canal stenosis
narrowing of vertebral canal results in compression of neural and vascular structures
58
cervical stenosis
narrowing of intervertebral foramina compresses spinal nerves resulting in dermatomal distribution of abnormal sensations, pain, numbness, weakness and atrophy in upper limbs causes cervical spondylotic myelopathy
59
cervical spondylotic myelopathy
affected somatosensation and motor function in both the upper and lower limbs axial neck pain and or scapular pain abnormal gait incoordination babinski sign clonus
60
lumbar stenosis
produces lower limb and lower back pain that may be aggravated by walking and improves with rest
61
syringomyelia
progressive & congenital but may occur to trauma or tumor a syrinx (CSF fluid-filled cavity) develops in the spinal cord in cervical region loss of sensitivity to nociceptive signals and temp stimuli, paresis and muscle atrophy
62
Red Flags for the Spinal Region
bilateral loss of somatosensation incoordination decreased muscle power spasticity muscle hypertonia Babinski's sign clonus difficulty urinating/deficating saddle anesthesia low back pain unilateral/bilateral sciatica lower limb paresis and sensory deficits lost lower limb reflexes pain in buttock, lower limb, and foot while walking that diasappears after rest decreased pulse in lower limb cyanosis (bluish color of skin)

Neuroscience (19 decks)

Brainscape helps you reach your goals faster, through stronger study habits.
© 2025 Bold Learning Solutions. Terms and Conditions