Chapter 15 Cerebellum Flashcards

1
Q

Cerebellum function

A

adjusts posture and coordinates movement
cerebellar functions are nonconscious
does not directly influence muscle activity
optimizes cognitive, emotional, and social function

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2
Q

Mossy fibers

A

originate in the brainstem and spinal cord and convey somatosensory, arousal, balance, and cerebral cortex information into the cerebellum

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3
Q

Climbing fibers

A

originate in the inferior olivary nucleus and convey information regarding movement errors to the cerebellum

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4
Q

Cerebellum has 3 lobes

A

anterior
posterior
flocculonodular

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5
Q

Vestibulocerebellum

A

regulates equilibrium and is the functional name for the flocculonodular lobe
provides cerebellum with info about head movement and head position with respect to gravity
influence eye movement
damage causes unsteadiness when reaching for a book

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6
Q

Spinocerebellum

A

coordinates gross limb movements and is functional name for anterior lobe vermis and the paravermal regions
makes anticipatory, corrective, and responsive adjustments to movements
damage causes arm movements when reaching to be jerky and inaccurate

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7
Q

Cerebrocerebellum

A

coordinates precise, distal voluntary movements and functional name for posterior lobe and lateral part of anterior lobe
damage causes clumsy grasp of the book

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8
Q

Vestibulocerebellum receives input from

A

ipsilateral vestibular apparatus and ipsilateral vestibular nuclei in the brainstem
receives info from visual cortex

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9
Q

Spinocerebellum receives input from

A

the cortex

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10
Q

information from spinal cord to cerebellum travels in

A

spinocerebellar pathways and tracts

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11
Q

High-accuracy spinocerebellar pathways

A

posterior spinocerebellar pathway
cuneocerebellar pathway

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12
Q

posterior spinocerebellar pathway

A

transmits proprioceptive info from lower limbs and the lower trunk

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13
Q

cuneocerebellar pathway

A

Carries unconscious, proprioceptive information to the cerebellum from the upper extremities

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14
Q

2 internal feedback tracts

A

anterior spinocerebellar tract
rostrospinocerebellar tract

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15
Q

anterior spinocerebellar tract
rostrospinocerebellar tract

A

originate in spinal gray matter
inform cerebellum of UMN commands delivered to the interneurons that synapse with LMNs, activity of spinal reflexes circuits, and proprioceptive input to the spinal cord

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16
Q

anterior spinocerebellar tract

A

transmits info from thoracolumbar gray matter

17
Q

rostrospinocerebellar tract

A

transmits info from the cervical spinal cord and T1to the ipsilateral cerebellum

18
Q

Cerebro-cerebello-cerebral loop

A

connects cerebral cortex and lateral cerebellar cortex
cerbral cortex provides input to the pontine nuclei
denate nucleus is involved in motor planning

19
Q

Goal directed functions of cerebellar posterior lobe

A

include focusing and shifting attention and selecting response

20
Q

posterior lobe vermis is responsible for

A

processing, storage, and retrieval of emotional memories, regulating emotional responses, and optimizing social behavior

21
Q

Red Nucleus

A

connects motor cortical areas with inferior olivary nucleus and cerebellum optimizing complex motor, cognitive, and emotional functions

22
Q

signs of cerebellar motor dysfunction

A

abnormal motor execution that does not change with or without use of vision

23
Q

ataxia

A

impaired coordination not caused by weakness, spasticity, or contracture
movement disorder common to all cerebellar lesions

24
Q

vestibulocerebellum lesions

A

cause nystagmus, unsteadiness, and difficulty maintaining sitting and standing balance

25
anterior lobe vermis lesions
cause truncal ataxia, dysarthria,and gait and limb ataxia
26
Dysarthria
slurred, poorly articulated speech
27
Dysdiadochokinesia
inability to rapidly alternate movements
28
dysmetria
inability to accurately move an intended distance
29
cerebrocerebellar lesions
interfere with coordination of fine finger movements
30
Cerebellar cognitive affective syndrome
signs indicating cognitive and emotional deficits caused by cerebellar posterior lobe lesions visuospatial, language, and goal-directed functions are impaired
31
Autism and ADHD both have
reduced cerebellar volume and decreased volume of the posterior vermis
32
Disorders that affect the cerebellum
MS, stroke, tumor, alcoholic degeneration, Arnold Chiari
33
Degenerative Disorders that affect cerebellum
spinocerebellar ataxia and multiple-system atrophy