Chapter 15 Cerebellum

Question 1

Cerebellum function

Answer 1

adjusts posture and coordinates movement
cerebellar functions are nonconscious
does not directly influence muscle activity
optimizes cognitive, emotional, and social function

Question 2

Mossy fibers

Answer 2

originate in the brainstem and spinal cord and convey somatosensory, arousal, balance, and cerebral cortex information into the cerebellum

Question 3

Climbing fibers

Answer 3

originate in the inferior olivary nucleus and convey information regarding movement errors to the cerebellum

Question 4

Cerebellum has 3 lobes

Answer 4

anterior
posterior
flocculonodular

Question 5

Vestibulocerebellum

Answer 5

regulates equilibrium and is the functional name for the flocculonodular lobe
provides cerebellum with info about head movement and head position with respect to gravity
influence eye movement
damage causes unsteadiness when reaching for a book

Question 6

Spinocerebellum

Answer 6

coordinates gross limb movements and is functional name for anterior lobe vermis and the paravermal regions
makes anticipatory, corrective, and responsive adjustments to movements
damage causes arm movements when reaching to be jerky and inaccurate

Question 7

Cerebrocerebellum

Answer 7

coordinates precise, distal voluntary movements and functional name for posterior lobe and lateral part of anterior lobe
damage causes clumsy grasp of the book

Question 8

Vestibulocerebellum receives input from

Answer 8

ipsilateral vestibular apparatus and ipsilateral vestibular nuclei in the brainstem
receives info from visual cortex

Question 9

Spinocerebellum receives input from

Answer 9

the cortex

Question 10

information from spinal cord to cerebellum travels in

Answer 10

spinocerebellar pathways and tracts

Question 11

High-accuracy spinocerebellar pathways

Answer 11

posterior spinocerebellar pathway
cuneocerebellar pathway

Question 12

posterior spinocerebellar pathway

Answer 12

transmits proprioceptive info from lower limbs and the lower trunk

Question 13

cuneocerebellar pathway

Answer 13

Carries unconscious, proprioceptive information to the cerebellum from the upper extremities

Question 14

2 internal feedback tracts

Answer 14

anterior spinocerebellar tract
rostrospinocerebellar tract

Question 15

anterior spinocerebellar tract
rostrospinocerebellar tract

Answer 15

originate in spinal gray matter
inform cerebellum of UMN commands delivered to the interneurons that synapse with LMNs, activity of spinal reflexes circuits, and proprioceptive input to the spinal cord

Question 16

anterior spinocerebellar tract

Answer 16

transmits info from thoracolumbar gray matter

Question 17

rostrospinocerebellar tract

Answer 17

transmits info from the cervical spinal cord and T1to the ipsilateral cerebellum

Question 18

Cerebro-cerebello-cerebral loop

Answer 18

connects cerebral cortex and lateral cerebellar cortex
cerbral cortex provides input to the pontine nuclei
denate nucleus is involved in motor planning

Question 19

Goal directed functions of cerebellar posterior lobe

Answer 19

include focusing and shifting attention and selecting response

Question 20

posterior lobe vermis is responsible for

Answer 20

processing, storage, and retrieval of emotional memories, regulating emotional responses, and optimizing social behavior

Question 21

Red Nucleus

Answer 21

connects motor cortical areas with inferior olivary nucleus and cerebellum optimizing complex motor, cognitive, and emotional functions

Question 22

signs of cerebellar motor dysfunction

Answer 22

abnormal motor execution that does not change with or without use of vision

Question 23

ataxia

Answer 23

impaired coordination not caused by weakness, spasticity, or contracture
movement disorder common to all cerebellar lesions

Question 24

vestibulocerebellum lesions

Answer 24

cause nystagmus, unsteadiness, and difficulty maintaining sitting and standing balance

Question 25

anterior lobe vermis lesions

Answer 25

cause truncal ataxia, dysarthria,and gait and limb ataxia

Question 26

Dysarthria

Answer 26

slurred, poorly articulated speech

Question 27

Dysdiadochokinesia

Answer 27

inability to rapidly alternate movements

Question 28

dysmetria

Answer 28

inability to accurately move an intended distance

Question 29

cerebrocerebellar lesions

Answer 29

interfere with coordination of fine finger movements

Question 30

Cerebellar cognitive affective syndrome

Answer 30

signs indicating cognitive and emotional deficits caused by cerebellar posterior lobe lesions
visuospatial, language, and goal-directed functions are impaired

Question 31

Autism and ADHD both have

Answer 31

reduced cerebellar volume and decreased volume of the posterior vermis

Question 32

Disorders that affect the cerebellum

Answer 32

MS, stroke, tumor, alcoholic degeneration, Arnold Chiari

Question 33

Degenerative Disorders that affect cerebellum

Answer 33

spinocerebellar ataxia and multiple-system atrophy