Chapter 9 Flashcards

1
Q

an idea that is not currently actively focused on in a discourse, but which has been mentioned earlier and/or is in the periphery of the addressee’s consciousness

A

accessible activation state

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2
Q

an assumption that a particular referent or idea is given, new, or accessible in the mind of the interlocutor

A

activation state

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3
Q

the culmination of a narrative plot, typically at the end of a narrative; something unusual or unexpected which makes the narrative worth listening to and telling

A

climax

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4
Q

a sequence of events in a narrative which are told after the introduction and which lead to the climax

A

complicating action

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5
Q

an index of all the words in a corpus along with their immediate linguistic contexts and some information about the frequency and location of each

A

concordance

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6
Q

a stretch of speech which intends to quote or reproduce the speech of another person, but does not necessarily repeat the exact words of the quoted person

A

constructed dialogue

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7
Q

database containing collected recordings of spoken or written language

A

corpus (pl. corpora)

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8
Q

a stretch of language larger than a phrase or sentence, such as a narrative or conversation; the study of spontaneous speech in its natural context

A

discourse

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9
Q

analysis of how speakers use linguistic structures in stretches of language larger than the sentence for the purposes of communication; includes language and interaction, conversational analysis, information structuring, etc.

A

discourse analysis

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10
Q

a particle with discourse‑interactional functions, such as oh, hmm, or yeah

A

discourse particle

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11
Q

an intonation unit which is not completed, such as when interrupted or when restarting a word or phrase; also known as fragmentary phrases

A

fragmentary intonation units/fragmentary phrases

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12
Q

the rate of vocal fold vibration, perceived as pitch

A

fundamental frequency

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13
Q

a variety of discourse; includes written or spoken, fiction, nonfiction, story‑telling, conversation, interviews, e‑mail, text messaging, newspaper articles, etc.

A

genre

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14
Q

information that is activated in the listener’s mind because it has just been mentioned or is obvious in context; therefore it is information that the speaker assumes to be already in the focal consciousness of the addressee

A

given information

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15
Q

whether the speaker assumes an idea is given, accessible, or new to the addressee

A

identifiability

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16
Q

the strength of a sound wave, perceived as loudness

17
Q

a segment of speech characterized by a single coherent pitch contour, often by declining pitch, volume, and/or rapidity, as well as by preceding and following pauses

A

intonation unit/prosodic phrase

18
Q

the relation of a sequence of events, traditionally following a narrative schema

19
Q

a pattern of story‑telling that introduces characters, places elements in space and time, and progresses through events towards the climax

A

narrative schema

20
Q

information a speaker assumes is not already in the focal consciousness of the addressee

A

new information

21
Q

the process in which conversation partners articulate their thoughts and navigate social interaction in real time

A

on‑line creation of natural discourse

22
Q

the perception of a sound on a scale of low to high; correlates with fundamental frequency

23
Q

in prosody, a pitch pattern characterized by rises and falls

A

pitch contour

24
Q

particular prosodic patterns associated with particular individuals or with particular speech usages such as oratory or acting

A

prosodic styles

25
the variations in pitch, volume, timing, and voice quality that overlay linguistic utterances
prosody
26
the "real world" objects of thought and language; people, objects, and situations that exist independently of human language, but toward which human language may be directed
referents
27
intonation unit containing an utterance that regulates the flow of information in discourse, such as okay, yeah, and hm; also known as regulatory phrases; contrasts with substantive intonation unit
regulatory intonation unit
28
distribution of speech elements through time, including acceleration, deceleration, and pausing
speech timing
29
intonation unit where the utterance conveys referential information, i.e. ideas of events, states, people, or objects; also known as substantive phrases; contrasts with regulatory intonation unit
substantive intonation unit
30
a new topic of conversation which is related to or slightly shifted from a previous topic
subtopic
31
a pitch contour associated with the final portion of an intonation unit
terminal pitch contour
32
a sequence of related ideas expressed through substantive intonation units
topic of conversation
33
a single instance of speech
utterance
34
a cover term for various modifications of a normal speaking voice
voice quality