Chapter 8.9-onwards Flashcards
Adolescence
13-20ish years old, young person is no longer a child but not an independent, self-supporting adult
Puberty (def and explanation)
physical changes in primary and secondary characteristics as the body reaches its sexual peak
result of activities in the pituitary, thyroid, adrenal, and sex glands
Piaget’s Adolescent Abstract Thought (2 examples)
1) Personal Fable: thought that one’s own experiences are completely unique and that their body is protected
2) Imaginary Audience: belief that other people are just as concerned about one’s thoughts and characteristics as the individual is
Kohlberg’s 3 Levels of Morality (3 levels and criticism)
1) Preconventional Morality: morality is based on the consequences of the action
2) Conventional Morality: morally right if it conforms to social norms
3) Postconventional Morality: morality is judged by experiences and judgments of the person
Has been criticized for being male and Western focused, but Gilligan’s work on gender separation of morals has not been research supported
Andropause
starting in men’s late 40s there are gradual changes the sex hormones and reproductive system
Baumrind’s 3 Parenting Styles
1) Authoritarian: rigid and overly strict, can create problematic relationship with kids
2) Permissive: parents make few demands of child’s behavior
3) Authoritative: combines firm limits with love and wamrth
Permissive Neglectful
parents are uninvolved unless something involves their own wants
Permissive Indulgent
parents are too involved and refuse to set limits
Ego Integrity
Reflecting on one’s own life and coming to terms with regrets and losses
Theories of Aging (4)
1) Cellular-Clock Theory
2) Wear-and-Tear Theory
3) Free-Radical Theory
4) Activity Theory
Cellular-Clock Theory
Biological theory that cells are limited in the number of times that they can replace damage
- Telomeres: structures at the end of chromosomes shorten each time a cell reproduces, causing eventual damage
Wear-and-Tear Theory
body’s organs and tissues wear out with repeated use and abuse (focus on stress and exertion)
- Collagen: elastic tissue that makes skin flexible eventually wears out to form bags and wrinkles
Free-Radical Theory
explanation for W&T, Free Radicals: oxygen molecules with unstable electrons bounce around, stealing electrons, and damaging cells
Activity Theory
elderly people adjust to aging more positively when remaining active with hobbies and exercise
Kubler-Roth’s 5 Stages of Death (5 stages and criticism)
1) Denial: refusal of diagnosis
2) Anger: at death and helplessness
3) Bargaining: with doctors and God
4) Depression: from past and future losses
5) Acceptance: inevitable is accepted and the person awaits death
Others see it as a nonrigid process of ups and downs
