Chapter 2, 2.4-2.5

Question 1

Lesioning

Answer 1

an experiment done on animals where electrode is used to damage part of the brain, and observers see how the brain responds

Question 2

Brain Stimulation

Answer 2

using mild electrodes through an ESB to stimulate parts of the brain and observe response

Question 3

Deep Brain (Name type)

Answer 3

Invasive, neurosurgeons place electrodes in deep parts of the brain. Treatment for Parkinson’s and chronic pain

Question 4

Optogenetics

Answer 4

Invasive, Neurons are activated using light rather than electrodes

Question 5

Transcranial Magnetic Stimulation

Answer 5

Noninvasive, magnetic pulses are applied to the cortex. Used in studies of learning and cognition

Question 6

Transcranial Direct Curren Stimulation

Answer 6

Noninvasive, apply low amplitude DC to the scalp

Question 7

Computed Tomography Scans (CT)

Answer 7

A series of x-rays that maps the brain using image “slices”. Effective for seeing stroke damage, tumors, TBI,..

Question 8

Magnetic Resonance Imaging (MRI)

Answer 8

using magnetic fields and radio pulses observers are able to create a 3D image of the brain

Question 9

Gray Matter

Answer 9

neurons with unmyelinated axons

Question 10

White matter

Answer 10

neurons with myelinated axons

Question 11

Diffusion Tensor Imaging

Answer 11

uses color contrast of gray and white matter to observe brain activity

Question 12

Electroencephalogram (EEG)

Answer 12

harmless way to study the electrical activity of the human brain

Question 13

Positron Emission Tomography (PET)

Answer 13

computer tracks active parts of the brain by observing use of radioactive glucose

Question 14

Functional MRI

Answer 14

tracks oxygen levels of patient’s blood to observe brain function

Question 15

Near-Infrared Spectroscopy (fNIRS)

Answer 15

measures cortical changes in oxygenated and deoxygenated blood proteins