5.1-5.3: Classical Conditioning

Question 1

Learning

Answer 1

any relatively permanent change in behavior brought by experience or practice

Question 2

Maturation

Answer 2

changes due to biology not experience

Question 3

Reflex

Answer 3

an unlearned, involuntary response

Question 4

Stimulation

Answer 4

any object, event, or experience, that causes a respons

Question 5

Response

Answer 5

an Organism’s reaction to stimulus

Question 6

Classical Conditioning (founder and definition)

Answer 6

Pavlov, learning to provoke an involuntary reflex-like response to a stimulus other than the naturally-paired stimulus

Question 7

Unconditioned Stimulus

Answer 7

the naturally occurring stimulus that leads to an involuntary and unlearned response

Question 8

Unconditioned Response

Answer 8

the involuntary and Unconditioned Response to the naturally occurring stimulus

Question 9

Neutral Stimulus

Answer 9

a stimulus that doesn’t elicit a response prior to conditioning

Question 10

Conditioned Stimulus

Answer 10

a previously Neutral Stimulus that is able to produce a Conditioned Response after being paired with an Unconditional Stimulus

Question 11

Conditioned Response

Answer 11

a learned Response to a Conditioned Stimulus

Question 12

Acquisition

Answer 12

the repeated pairing of a Neutral Stimulus and an Unconditioned Stimulus

Question 13

Stimulus Generalization

Answer 13

the tendency to respond to a stimulus that is only similar to the original Conditioned Stimulus with the Conditioned Response

Question 14

Stimulus Discrimination

Answer 14

tendency to stop making a Generalized Response to a similar Stimulus to the Conditioned Stimulus because it was never fully paired with the Unconditioned Stimulus

Question 15

Extinction

Answer 15

the disappearance or weakening of a learned response following the removal or absence of the Unconditioned Stimulus (Classical Conditioning) or Reinforcer (Operant Conditioning)

Question 16

Spontaneous Recovery

Answer 16

the CR briefly returns when the CS is presented after a long break, but it is usually weaker and short-lived

Question 17

Higher-Order Conditioning

Answer 17

a strong CS is paired with a new NS, causing the NS to become a new, second CS

Question 18

Stimulus Substitution

Answer 18

through CS association with an UCS, over time they activate the same place in the brain

Question 19

Expectancy

Answer 19

a type of association that alerts a subject that a stimulus is coming

Question 20

Cognitive Perspective (founder and def)

Answer 20

Rescorla, conditioning occurs because the CS provides an expectancy about the coming of the UCS

Question 21

Conditioned Emotional Response

Answer 21

emotional response that has been Classically Conditioned to occur after a learned Stimuli

Question 22

Vicarious Conditioning

Answer 22

Classical Conditioning of an involuntary response or emotion by watching the response of someone else

Question 23

Conditioned Taste Aversion

Answer 23

development of a nauseated/aversive Response to a taste that has been followed by a nauseated response more than one time