Chapter 8 vocabulary Flashcards by Jordan Lipsett

amylase

enzyme that breaks down starch

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anabolism

building up of the body substance in constructive phase of metabolism

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ascites

significant accumulation of serous fluid in the peritoneal cavity

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biliary

pertaining to bile and the gallbladder

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bilirubin

orange-coloured bile pigment

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buccal

pertaining to the cheek

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catabolism

a casting down

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celiac

pertaining to the abdomen

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cheilosis

abnormal condition of the lip

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cholecystectomy

surgical excision of the gallbladder

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cholecystitis

inflammation of the gallbladder

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choledochotomy

surgical incision of the common bile duct

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chyle

milky fluid of intestinal digestion

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colectomy

surgical excision of part of the colon

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colostomy

creation of a new opening into the colon

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deglutition

process of swallowing

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dentalgia

pain in tooth

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dentition

type, number, and arrangement of teeth in dental arch

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diverticulitis

inflammation of the diverticula (pouches in walls of organ)

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duodenal

pertaining to the duodenum (first part of small intestine)

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dysentery

intestinal disease characterized by inflammation of mucous membrane

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dyspepsia

difficulty in digestion (indigestion)

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dysphagia

difficulty in swallowing

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emesis

vomiting

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enteric

pertaining to the small intestine

enteritis

inflammation of the small intestine

eructation

belching

esophageal

pertaining to the esophagus

fibroma

fibrous, encapsulated connective tissue tumour

gastrectomy

surgical excision of the stomach in part or in whole

gastric

pertaining to the stomach

gastroenterology

study of the stomach and intestines

gastroesophageal

pertaining to stomach and esophagus

gavage

to feed liquid or semiliquid food by tube

glossotomy

surgical incision into the tongue

glycogenesis

formation of glycogen from glucose

halitosis

bad breath

hematemesis

vomiting of blood

hematochezia

passage of stools that contain blood

hemorrhoid

mass of dilated tortuous veins in the anorectum

hepatoma

tumour of the liver

herniorraphy

surgical repair of a hernia

hyperalimentation

intravenous infusion of hypertonic solution to sustain life (used with patients whose GI tracts are not functioning normally)

hyperemesis

excessive vomiting

ileitis

inflammation of the ileum

ileostomy

surgical creation of a new opening through the abdominal wall into the ileum

labial

pertaining to the lip

laparotomy

surgical incision into the abdomen

lavage

to wash out a cavity

lingual

pertaining to tongue

lipolysis

break down of fat

mastication

chewing

melena

black, tarry feces - contains digested blood

mesentery

pertaining to the peritoneal fold encircling small intestines

paralytic ileus

paralysis of intestines causing distention and symptoms of bowel obstruction

peptic

pertaining to gastric digestion

peptic ulcer disease

disease in which ulcer forms in wall of stomach, pylorus, duodenum, or esophagus

periodontal

pertaining to area around tooth

peristalsis

wavelike contraction that occurs in hollow tubes of body, particularly the GI tract

pharyngeal

pertaining to the pharynx

postprandial

pertaining to after a meal

proctoscope

instrument used to view interior of rectal cavity

pyloric

pertaining to the gatekeeper; opening between stomach and duodenum

rectocele

hernia of part of the rectum into the vagina

sialadenitis

inflammation of the salivary gland

splenomegaly

enlargement of spleen

stomatitis

inflammation of the mouth

sublingual

pertaining to below the tongue

ulcerative colitis

disease that causes inflammation and ulcers in the lining of the large intestine

vermiform

shaped like a worm

volvulus

twisting of bowel on itself that causes an obstruction

Three parts of small intestine, in order

duodenum jejunum ileum

What is the structure found at the entrance to the stomach?

Esophageal sphincter

What is the structure found at the exit from the stomach?

pyloric sphincter

What are the three salivary glands?

Parotid, submandibular, sublingual

cholecystography

xray exam of gallbladder after infestion of radiopaque dye

Esophagogastroduodenoscopy

examination of esophagus, stomach, duodenum