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Medical terminology > Chapter 8 vocabulary > Flashcards

Chapter 8 vocabulary Flashcards

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USMLE® Step 1 flashcards
1
Q

amylase

A

enzyme that breaks down starch

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2
Q

anabolism

A

building up of the body substance in constructive phase of metabolism

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3
Q

ascites

A

significant accumulation of serous fluid in the peritoneal cavity

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4
Q

biliary

A

pertaining to bile and the gallbladder

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5
Q

bilirubin

A

orange-coloured bile pigment

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6
Q

buccal

A

pertaining to the cheek

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7
Q

catabolism

A

a casting down

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8
Q

celiac

A

pertaining to the abdomen

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9
Q

cheilosis

A

abnormal condition of the lip

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10
Q

cholecystectomy

A

surgical excision of the gallbladder

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11
Q

cholecystitis

A

inflammation of the gallbladder

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12
Q

choledochotomy

A

surgical incision of the common bile duct

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13
Q

chyle

A

milky fluid of intestinal digestion

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14
Q

colectomy

A

surgical excision of part of the colon

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15
Q

colostomy

A

creation of a new opening into the colon

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16
Q

deglutition

A

process of swallowing

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17
Q

dentalgia

A

pain in tooth

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18
Q

dentition

A

type, number, and arrangement of teeth in dental arch

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19
Q

diverticulitis

A

inflammation of the diverticula (pouches in walls of organ)

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20
Q

duodenal

A

pertaining to the duodenum (first part of small intestine)

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21
Q

dysentery

A

intestinal disease characterized by inflammation of mucous membrane

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22
Q

dyspepsia

A

difficulty in digestion (indigestion)

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23
Q

dysphagia

A

difficulty in swallowing

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24
Q

emesis

A

vomiting

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25
Q

enteric

A

pertaining to the small intestine

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26
Q

enteritis

A

inflammation of the small intestine

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27
Q

eructation

A

belching

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28
Q

esophageal

A

pertaining to the esophagus

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29
Q

fibroma

A

fibrous, encapsulated connective tissue tumour

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30
Q

gastrectomy

A

surgical excision of the stomach in part or in whole

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31
Q

gastric

A

pertaining to the stomach

32
Q

gastroenterology

A

study of the stomach and intestines

33
Q

gastroesophageal

A

pertaining to stomach and esophagus

34
Q

gavage

A

to feed liquid or semiliquid food by tube

35
Q

glossotomy

A

surgical incision into the tongue

36
Q

glycogenesis

A

formation of glycogen from glucose

37
Q

halitosis

A

bad breath

38
Q

hematemesis

A

vomiting of blood

39
Q

hematochezia

A

passage of stools that contain blood

40
Q

hemorrhoid

A

mass of dilated tortuous veins in the anorectum

41
Q

hepatoma

A

tumour of the liver

42
Q

herniorraphy

A

surgical repair of a hernia

43
Q

hyperalimentation

A

intravenous infusion of hypertonic solution to sustain life (used with patients whose GI tracts are not functioning normally)

44
Q

hyperemesis

A

excessive vomiting

45
Q

ileitis

A

inflammation of the ileum

46
Q

ileostomy

A

surgical creation of a new opening through the abdominal wall into the ileum

47
Q

labial

A

pertaining to the lip

48
Q

laparotomy

A

surgical incision into the abdomen

49
Q

lavage

A

to wash out a cavity

50
Q

lingual

A

pertaining to tongue

51
Q

lipolysis

A

break down of fat

52
Q

mastication

A

chewing

53
Q

melena

A

black, tarry feces - contains digested blood

54
Q

mesentery

A

pertaining to the peritoneal fold encircling small intestines

55
Q

paralytic ileus

A

paralysis of intestines causing distention and symptoms of bowel obstruction

56
Q

peptic

A

pertaining to gastric digestion

57
Q

peptic ulcer disease

A

disease in which ulcer forms in wall of stomach, pylorus, duodenum, or esophagus

58
Q

periodontal

A

pertaining to area around tooth

59
Q

peristalsis

A

wavelike contraction that occurs in hollow tubes of body, particularly the GI tract

60
Q

pharyngeal

A

pertaining to the pharynx

61
Q

postprandial

A

pertaining to after a meal

62
Q

proctoscope

A

instrument used to view interior of rectal cavity

63
Q

pyloric

A

pertaining to the gatekeeper; opening between stomach and duodenum

64
Q

rectocele

A

hernia of part of the rectum into the vagina

65
Q

sialadenitis

A

inflammation of the salivary gland

66
Q

splenomegaly

A

enlargement of spleen

67
Q

stomatitis

A

inflammation of the mouth

68
Q

sublingual

A

pertaining to below the tongue

69
Q

ulcerative colitis

A

disease that causes inflammation and ulcers in the lining of the large intestine

70
Q

vermiform

A

shaped like a worm

71
Q

volvulus

A

twisting of bowel on itself that causes an obstruction

72
Q

Three parts of small intestine, in order

A

duodenum
jejunum
ileum

73
Q

What is the structure found at the entrance to the stomach?

A

Esophageal sphincter

74
Q

What is the structure found at the exit from the stomach?

A

pyloric sphincter

75
Q

What are the three salivary glands?

A

Parotid, submandibular, sublingual

76
Q

cholecystography

A

xray exam of gallbladder after infestion of radiopaque dye

77
Q

Esophagogastroduodenoscopy

A

examination of esophagus, stomach, duodenum

Medical terminology (61 decks)

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