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Medical terminology > Chapter 14 vocabulary > Flashcards

Chapter 14 vocabulary Flashcards

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USMLE® Step 1 flashcards
0
Q

akathesia

A

Inability to remain still

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1
Q

Acetylcholine

A

Cholinergic neurotransmitter

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3
Q

amyotrophic lateral sclerosis

A

Muscular weakness, atrophy with spasticity caused by degeneration of motor neurons (aka Lou Gehrig’s disease)

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4
Q

aphagia

A

lack of ability to eat or swallow

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5
Q

apraxia

A

lack of ability to use objects properly and recognize common objects, inability to perform motor tasks of daily living

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6
Q

asthenia

A

lack of strength

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7
Q

astrocytoma

A

brain tumour; composed of astrocytes

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8
Q

ataxia

A

lack of order

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9
Q

bradykinesia

A

abnormal slowness of motion

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10
Q

cephalalgia

A

headache

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11
Q

cerebellar

A

pertaining to the cerebellum

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12
Q

cerebral palsy

A

disorder of movement and posture due to damage to motor control centres of the developing brain

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13
Q

cerebrospinal

A

pertaining to the cerebrum and the spinal cord

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14
Q

chorea

A

abnormal involuntary movement disorder

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15
Q

diskectomy

A

surgical excision of a intervertebral disk

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16
Q

dysphasia

A

impairment of speech

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17
Q

electroencephalograph

A

medical instrument used to record electrical activity in brain

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18
Q

encephalitis

A

inflammation of the brain

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19
Q

encephalopathy

A

any pathological dysfunction of the brain

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20
Q

epiduroscopy

A

surgical introduction of medication into epidural space

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21
Q

ganglionectomy

A

surgical excision of a ganglion

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22
Q

glioma

A

tumour composed of neurological tissue

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23
Q

Guillan-Barre syndrome

A

pathological condition in which the myelin sheaths covering peripheral nerves are destroyed

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24
Q

hemiparesis

A

weakness on one side of the body

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25
Q

hemiplegia

A

paralysis of one half of the body (left or right)

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26
Q

herniated disk syndrom

A

condition where the soft, gelatinous central portion of an intervertebral disk is forced through a weakened part of the disk

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27
Q

herpes zoster

A

shingles

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28
Q

hydrocephalus

A

condition in which there is an increase in cerebrospinal fluid within the brain

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29
Q

hyperesthesia

A

increase feelings of sensory stimuli

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30
Q

hyperkinesis

A

increased muscular movement, inability to keep still

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31
Q

intracranial

A

pertaining to within the skull

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32
Q

laminectomy

A

surgical excision of a vertebral posterior arch

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33
Q

meningioma

A

tumour of the meninges

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34
Q

meningocele

A

congenital hernia in which meninges protrude through defect in skull or spinal column

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35
Q

meningomyelocele

A

congenital herniation of spinal cord and meninges

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36
Q

microcephalus

A

abnormally small head

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37
Q

multiple sclerosis

A

chronic disease of the central nervous system marked by damage to myelin sheath

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38
Q

myelitis

A

inflammation of spinal cord

39
Q

myelography

A

xray recording of spinal cord

40
Q

neuralgia

A

pain in a nerve

41
Q

neurasthenia

A

pathological condition characterized by weakness, exhaustion, and prostration

42
Q

neurilemma

A

thin membranous sheath that envelops a nerve fibre

43
Q

neuritis

A

inflammation of a nerve

44
Q

neuroblast

A

immature nervous tissue cell

45
Q

neuroblastoma

A

malignant tumour composed of cells resembling neuroblasts

46
Q

neurocyte

A

nerve cell

47
Q

neurofibroma

A

fibrous connective tissue tumour or a nerve

48
Q

neuroglia

A

supporting or connective tissue cells of the central nervous system

49
Q

neuroma

A

tumour of nerve cells and fibres

50
Q

oligodendroglioma

A

malignant tumour derived and composed of oligodendroglia

51
Q

pallidotomy

A

surgical destruction of the globus pallidus of the brain (Parkinson’s treatment)

52
Q

palsy

A

pathological loss of sensation or an impairment of motor function

53
Q

papilledema

A

swelling of optical disk

54
Q

paresis

A

partial paralysis

55
Q

paresthesia

A

abnormal sensation, feeling of numbness, prickling, tingling

56
Q

Parkinson’s disease

A

progressive neurological disorder caused by degeneration of nerve cells in movement area of brain

57
Q

paroxysm

A

sudden recurrence of symptoms of a disease

58
Q

pheochromocytoma

A

chromaffin cell tumour

59
Q

poliomyelitis

A

inflammation of the grey matter of the spinal cord

60
Q

Reye’s syndrome

A

acute disease that causes edema of the brain and increased intracranial pressure

61
Q

somnambulism

A

sleepwalking

62
Q

spondylosyndesis

A

surgical procedure to bind vertebra after removal of herniated disk

63
Q

sundowning

A

increase agitation that occurs late afternoon/early evening in patients with cognitive impairment

64
Q

sympathectomy

A

surgical excision of a portion of the sympathetic nervous system

65
Q

syncope

A

temporary loss of consciousness caused by lack of blood supply to brain

66
Q

Tay-Sachs disease

A

inherited, progressive disease marked by degeneration of brain tissue

67
Q

transcutaneous electrical nerve stimulations

A

use of mild electrical stimulation to interfere with transmission of painful stimuli

68
Q

vagotomy

A

surgical incision of the vagus nerve

69
Q

ventriculometry

A

measurement of intercranial pressure

70
Q

cerebral angiography

A

process of making xray record of cerebral arterial system

71
Q

computed tomography

A

diagnostic procedure used to study structure of brain

72
Q

echoencephalography

A

using ultrasound to determine presence of centrally located mass in the brain

73
Q

electroencephalography

A

process of measuring electrical activity of the brain

74
Q

myelogram

A

xray of spinal canal

75
Q

positron emission tomography

A

imaging procedure that can produce 3D picture of actual organ functioning

76
Q

ultrasonography

A

use of high-frequency sound waves to record echoes

77
Q

parts of a neuron: arms

A

dendrites

78
Q

parts of a neuron: tail

A

axon

79
Q

Sheath that wraps the axons of some neurons is called

A

myelin

80
Q

types of neuroglia: star shaped, transporting water

A

astroglia

81
Q

types of neuroglia: small, phagocytic cells, respond to inflammation

A

microglia

82
Q

types of neuroglia: form the myelin sheath

A

oligodendroglia

83
Q

the space between two nerve cells is known as

A

synapse

84
Q

mediate impulses between sensory and motor neurons

A

interneurons

85
Q

How many pair of cranial nerves in PNS?

A

12

86
Q

How many pair of spinal nerves in PNS?

A

31

87
Q

A large network of nerves in the PNS is known as

A

plexus

88
Q

The folds of the cerebrum are known as

A

gyri

89
Q

The grooves of the cerebrum are known as

A

sulci

90
Q

Four lobes of the cerebrum are

A

frontal, parietal, occipital, temporal

91
Q

Outermost layer of meninges is called

A

dura mater

92
Q

Middle layer of meninges is called

A

arachnoid

93
Q

Innermost layer of meninges is called

A

pia mater

Medical terminology (61 decks)

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