Chapter 14 vocabulary Flashcards
akathesia
Inability to remain still
Acetylcholine
Cholinergic neurotransmitter
amyotrophic lateral sclerosis
Muscular weakness, atrophy with spasticity caused by degeneration of motor neurons (aka Lou Gehrig’s disease)
aphagia
lack of ability to eat or swallow
apraxia
lack of ability to use objects properly and recognize common objects, inability to perform motor tasks of daily living
asthenia
lack of strength
astrocytoma
brain tumour; composed of astrocytes
ataxia
lack of order
bradykinesia
abnormal slowness of motion
cephalalgia
headache
cerebellar
pertaining to the cerebellum
cerebral palsy
disorder of movement and posture due to damage to motor control centres of the developing brain
cerebrospinal
pertaining to the cerebrum and the spinal cord
chorea
abnormal involuntary movement disorder
diskectomy
surgical excision of a intervertebral disk
dysphasia
impairment of speech
electroencephalograph
medical instrument used to record electrical activity in brain
encephalitis
inflammation of the brain
encephalopathy
any pathological dysfunction of the brain
epiduroscopy
surgical introduction of medication into epidural space
ganglionectomy
surgical excision of a ganglion
glioma
tumour composed of neurological tissue
Guillan-Barre syndrome
pathological condition in which the myelin sheaths covering peripheral nerves are destroyed
hemiparesis
weakness on one side of the body
hemiplegia
paralysis of one half of the body (left or right)
herniated disk syndrom
condition where the soft, gelatinous central portion of an intervertebral disk is forced through a weakened part of the disk
herpes zoster
shingles
hydrocephalus
condition in which there is an increase in cerebrospinal fluid within the brain
hyperesthesia
increase feelings of sensory stimuli
hyperkinesis
increased muscular movement, inability to keep still
intracranial
pertaining to within the skull
laminectomy
surgical excision of a vertebral posterior arch
meningioma
tumour of the meninges
meningocele
congenital hernia in which meninges protrude through defect in skull or spinal column
meningomyelocele
congenital herniation of spinal cord and meninges
microcephalus
abnormally small head
multiple sclerosis
chronic disease of the central nervous system marked by damage to myelin sheath
myelitis
inflammation of spinal cord
myelography
xray recording of spinal cord
neuralgia
pain in a nerve
neurasthenia
pathological condition characterized by weakness, exhaustion, and prostration
neurilemma
thin membranous sheath that envelops a nerve fibre
neuritis
inflammation of a nerve
neuroblast
immature nervous tissue cell
neuroblastoma
malignant tumour composed of cells resembling neuroblasts
neurocyte
nerve cell
neurofibroma
fibrous connective tissue tumour or a nerve
neuroglia
supporting or connective tissue cells of the central nervous system
neuroma
tumour of nerve cells and fibres
oligodendroglioma
malignant tumour derived and composed of oligodendroglia
pallidotomy
surgical destruction of the globus pallidus of the brain (Parkinson’s treatment)
palsy
pathological loss of sensation or an impairment of motor function
papilledema
swelling of optical disk
paresis
partial paralysis
paresthesia
abnormal sensation, feeling of numbness, prickling, tingling
Parkinson’s disease
progressive neurological disorder caused by degeneration of nerve cells in movement area of brain
paroxysm
sudden recurrence of symptoms of a disease
pheochromocytoma
chromaffin cell tumour
poliomyelitis
inflammation of the grey matter of the spinal cord
Reye’s syndrome
acute disease that causes edema of the brain and increased intracranial pressure
somnambulism
sleepwalking
spondylosyndesis
surgical procedure to bind vertebra after removal of herniated disk
sundowning
increase agitation that occurs late afternoon/early evening in patients with cognitive impairment
sympathectomy
surgical excision of a portion of the sympathetic nervous system
syncope
temporary loss of consciousness caused by lack of blood supply to brain
Tay-Sachs disease
inherited, progressive disease marked by degeneration of brain tissue
transcutaneous electrical nerve stimulations
use of mild electrical stimulation to interfere with transmission of painful stimuli
vagotomy
surgical incision of the vagus nerve
ventriculometry
measurement of intercranial pressure
cerebral angiography
process of making xray record of cerebral arterial system
computed tomography
diagnostic procedure used to study structure of brain
echoencephalography
using ultrasound to determine presence of centrally located mass in the brain
electroencephalography
process of measuring electrical activity of the brain
myelogram
xray of spinal canal
positron emission tomography
imaging procedure that can produce 3D picture of actual organ functioning
ultrasonography
use of high-frequency sound waves to record echoes
parts of a neuron: arms
dendrites
parts of a neuron: tail
axon
Sheath that wraps the axons of some neurons is called
myelin
types of neuroglia: star shaped, transporting water
astroglia
types of neuroglia: small, phagocytic cells, respond to inflammation
microglia
types of neuroglia: form the myelin sheath
oligodendroglia
the space between two nerve cells is known as
synapse
mediate impulses between sensory and motor neurons
interneurons
How many pair of cranial nerves in PNS?
12
How many pair of spinal nerves in PNS?
31
A large network of nerves in the PNS is known as
plexus
The folds of the cerebrum are known as
gyri
The grooves of the cerebrum are known as
sulci
Four lobes of the cerebrum are
frontal, parietal, occipital, temporal
Outermost layer of meninges is called
dura mater
Middle layer of meninges is called
arachnoid
Innermost layer of meninges is called
pia mater