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Medical terminology > Chapter 6 vocabulary (full terms) > Flashcards

Chapter 6 vocabulary (full terms) Flashcards

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USMLE® Step 1 flashcards
1
Q

acetabulum

A

Hip bone socket; head of femur fits in

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2
Q

Achondroplasia

A

defect in formation of cartilage

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3
Q

acroarthritis

A

inflammation of joints of the hands or feet

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4
Q

acromion

A

Forms the point of the shoulder, articulates with clavicle

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5
Q

Ankylosis

A

Abnormal condition of stiffening of a joint

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6
Q

Arthralgia

A

Joint pain

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7
Q

Arthritis

A

Joint inflammation

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8
Q

Arthrocentesis

A

Surgical procedure to remove joint fluid

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9
Q

Arthroplasty

A

Surgical procedure to repair a joint

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10
Q

Arthroscope

A

Surgical instrument to examine interior of a joint

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11
Q

bursa

A

pad-like sac between muscles, tendons, and bones

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12
Q

bursitis

A

inflammation of bursa

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13
Q

calcaneal

A

pertaining to the heel bone

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14
Q

carpal

A

pertaining to wrist bones

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15
Q

carpal tunnel syndrome

A

abnormal condition caused by compression of median nerve by the carpal ligament

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16
Q

chondral

A

pertaining to cartilage

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17
Q

chondrocostal

A

pertaining to rib cartilage

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18
Q

clavicular

A

pertaining to the clavicle

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19
Q

coccygeal

A

pertaining to the coccyx

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20
Q

coccygodynia

A

pain in the coccyx

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21
Q

collagen

A

fibrous protein found in connective tissue, skin, ligaments, cartilage

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22
Q

costal

A

pertaining to rib

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23
Q

costosternal

A

pertaining to a rib and the sternum

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24
Q

craniectomy

A

surgical excision of a portion of the skull

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25
Q

craniotomy

A

surgical incision made into the skull

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26
Q

dactylic

A

pertaining to the finger or toe

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27
Q

dactylogram

A

fingerprint

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28
Q

femoral

A

pertaining to the femur (thigh bone)

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29
Q

fibular

A

pertaining to the fibula

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30
Q

genu valgum

A

medical term for knock-knee

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31
Q

genu varum

A

medical term for bowleg

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32
Q

gout

A

form of acute arthritis, marked by joint inflammation. caused by excessive uric acid in the blood.

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33
Q

hallux

A

medical term for big toe

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34
Q

hammertoe

A

acquired flexion deformity of the interphalangeal joint

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35
Q

humeral

A

pertaining to the humerus

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36
Q

Joint classification (and example): Synarthrosis

A

Does not permit movement. Eg: skull

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37
Q

Joint classification (and example): Amphiarthrosis

A

Slight movement permitted. Eg: vertebra

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38
Q

Joint classification (and example): Diarthosis

A

Free movement permitted. Eg: knee, elbow, foot

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39
Q

hydrarthrosis

A

accumulation of watery fluid in the cavity of a joint

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40
Q

iliac

A

pertaining to the ilium

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41
Q

iliosacral

A

pertaining to the ilium and the sacrum

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42
Q

ischial

A

pertaining to the ischium, hip

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43
Q

ischialgia

A

pain in the ischium, hip

44
Q

kyphosis

A

condition in which the thoracic curvature becomes exaggerated, producing a ‘humpback’ appearance

45
Q

laminectomy

A

surgical excision of a vertebral posterior arch

46
Q

ligament

A

band of fibrous tissue that connects bones, cartilages, and other structures

47
Q

lordosis

A

an abnormal anterior curvature of the lumbar spine

48
Q

lumbar

A

pertaining to the loins (lower back)

49
Q

lumbodynia

A

pain in the loins (lower back)

50
Q

mandibular

A

pertaining to the lower jawbone

51
Q

maxillary

A

pertaining to the upper jawbone

52
Q

meniscus

A

fibrocartilage found in certain joints (ex: knee)

53
Q

metacarpals

A

pertaining to the bones of the hand

54
Q

metacarpectomy

A

surgical excision of one or more bones of the hand

55
Q

myelitis

A

inflammation of the bone marrow

56
Q

myeloma

A

tumour of the bone marrow

57
Q

myelopoiesis

A

formation of the bone marrow

58
Q

olecranal

A

pertaining to the elbow

59
Q

osteoarthritis

A

inflammation of the bone and joint

60
Q

osteoblast

A

bone forming cell

61
Q

osteocarcinoma

A

cancerous tumour of a bone

62
Q

osteochondritis

A

inflammation of the bone and cartilage

63
Q

osteogenesis

A

formation of bone

64
Q

osteomalacia

A

softening of bones

65
Q

osteomyelitis

A

inflammation of bone marrow

66
Q

osteopenia

A

deficiency of bone tissue

67
Q

osteoporosis

A

abnormal condition; marked by decrease in the density of bones

68
Q

osteosarcoma

A

malignant tumour of the bone

69
Q

osteotome

A

surgical instrument used for cutting bone

70
Q

patellar

A

pertaining to the patella (kneecap)

71
Q

pedal

A

pertaining to the foot

72
Q

periosteoedema

A

swelling around the bone

73
Q

phalangeal

A

pertaining to the bones of the fingers and toes

74
Q

phosphorus

A

mineral that is essential in bone formation

75
Q

polyarthritis

A

inflammation of more than one joint

76
Q

rachigraph

A

instrument used to measure curvature of spine

77
Q

radial

A

pertaining to the radius

78
Q

radiograph

A

film or record on which x-ray image is produced

79
Q

reduction

A

manipulative or surgical procedure used to correct a fracture or hernia

80
Q

rheumatoid arthritis

A

chronic autoimmune disease characterized by inflammation of joints, stiffness, pain, and swelling

81
Q

rickets

A

abnormal condition that can occur in children, caused by lack of vitamin D

82
Q

scapular

A

pertaining to the shoulder blade

83
Q

scoliosis

A

abnormal lateral curvature of the spine

84
Q

spondylitis

A

inflammation of one or more vertebrae

85
Q

spur

A

sharp or pointed projection, as on a bone

86
Q

sternal

A

pertaining to the sternum

87
Q

sternotomy

A

surgical incision of the sternum

88
Q

subclavicular

A

pertaining to beneath the clavicle

89
Q

subcostal

A

pertaining to beneath the ribs

90
Q

submaxilla

A

below the jaw or mandible

91
Q

symphysis

A

literally means growing together; a joint in which adjacent bony surfaces are united by fibrocartilage

92
Q

tendonitis

A

inflammation of the tendon

93
Q

tibial

A

pertaining to the tibia

94
Q

ulnar

A

pertaining to the ulna

95
Q

ulnocarpal

A

pertaining to the ulna side of the wrist

96
Q

vertebral

A

pertaining to the vertebra

97
Q

vertebrosternal

A

pertaining to the vertebra and sternum

98
Q

xiphoid

A

literally means resembling a sword. xiphoid process is at the lowest portion of the sternum.

99
Q

arthrography

A

diagnostic examination of a joint

100
Q

arthroscopy

A

process of examining internal structures of a joint

101
Q

dual-energy x-ray absorption scan

A

test used to measure bone mass or bone mineral density

102
Q

goniometry

A

measurement of joint movements

103
Q

photon absorptiometry

A

bone scan using radiation to measure bone mineral density and bone loss in lumbar vertebrae

104
Q

thermography

A

process of recording heat patterns of body’s surface

105
Q

antinuclear antibodies

A

present in a variety of immunological diseases; indicative of rheumatoid arthritis, lupus etc.

106
Q

serum rheumatoid factor

A

immunoglobulin present in serum of 50-95% of adults with rheumatoid arthritis

Medical terminology (61 decks)

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