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Medical terminology > Chapter 19 vocabulary > Flashcards

Chapter 19 vocabulary Flashcards

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USMLE® Step 1 flashcards
0
Q

adjuvant therapy

A

in breast cancer; incl chemotherapy, radiation therapy, or hormone therapy

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1
Q

adenocarcinoma

A

malignant tumour arising in glandular organ

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2
Q

anaplasia

A

characteristic of most cancerous cells in which there is a loss of differentiation and an irreversible alteration in adult cells toward more embryonic cell types

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3
Q

astrocytoma

A

tumour composed of astrocytes

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4
Q

betatron

A

machine used in administration of external radiation therapy

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5
Q

brachytherapy

A

radiation therapy where radioactive substance is inserted into body cavity or organ

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6
Q

Burkitt’s lymphoma

A

malignant tumour, commonly affects children in Africa; characteristic symptom is swollen jaw

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7
Q

carcinoid

A

tumour derived from argentaffin cells in intestinal tract

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8
Q

carcinoma

A

malignant tumour of epithelial tissue

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9
Q

chondrosarcoma

A

cancerous tumour of cartilage cells

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10
Q

choriocarcinoma

A

cancerous tumour of uterus

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11
Q

cyclotron

A

machine used in administration of external radiatipn therapy

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12
Q

dedifferentiation

A

process by which normal cels lose their specialization and become malignant

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13
Q

differentiation

A

process by which normal cells have a distinct appearance and specialized function

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14
Q

ductal carcinoma in situ

A

abnormal cells that involve only the lining of a duct

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15
Q

encapsulated

A

enclosed within a site

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16
Q

Ewing’s sarcoma

A

primary bone cancer occurring in pelvic area or long bones

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17
Q

fibrosarcoma

A

cancerous tumour arising in collagen-producing fibroblasts

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18
Q

what is the most common form of cancer?

A

carcinoma

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19
Q

fungating

A

process of growing rapidly, like a fungus

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20
Q

what tumours originate in connective tissue?

A

sarcoma

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21
Q

glioblastoma

A

rapidly growing cancer of the brain

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22
Q

glioma

A

cancerous tumour of the brain

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23
Q

hemangiosarcoma

A

cancerous tumour originating in blood vessels

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24
Q

Hodgkin’s disease

A

form of lymphoma occurring in children and young adults

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25
Q

human T-cell leukemia-lymphoma virus

A

first virus known to cause cancer in humans

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26
Q

hyperplasia

A

excessive formation & growth of normal cells

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27
Q

immunosuppression

A

process of preventing formation of immune response

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28
Q

immunotherapy

A

treatment of disease by active, passive, or adoptive immunity

29
Q

infiltrative

A

pertaining to the process of extending or growing into normal tissue

30
Q

in situ

A

enclosed within a site

31
Q

leiomyosarcoma

A

cancerous tumour of smooth muscle tissue

32
Q

leukemia

A

cancer of the blood characterized by overproduction of leukocytes

33
Q

linear accelerator

A

machine used in administration of external radiation therapy

34
Q

liposarcoma

A

cancerous tumour of fat cells

35
Q

lobular carcinoma in situ

A

abnormal cells found in lobules of the breast

36
Q

lymphangiosarcoma

A

cancerous tumour of lymphatic vessels

37
Q

lymphoma

A

cancerous tumour of lymphoid tissue

38
Q

lymphosarcoma

A

cancerous disease of lymphatic tissue

39
Q

medulloblastoma

A

cancerous tumour of the brain; fourth ventricle and cerebellum

40
Q

meningioma

A

cancerous tumour originating in the meninges of the brain

41
Q

mucositis

A

inflammation of the oral mucosa

42
Q

mutagen

A

agent that causes a change in the DNA

43
Q

mutation

A

process by which DNA is changed

44
Q

mycotoxin

A

substance produced by fungus growing in food or animal feed that can cause cancer if ingested

45
Q

myeloma

A

tumour arising in hemopoietic portion of bone marrow

46
Q

myosarcoma

A

cancerous tumour of muscle tissue

47
Q

neoplasm

A

new tissue formed, such as abnormal growth or tumour

48
Q

nephroblastoma

A

cancerous tumour of the kidney

49
Q

neuroblastoma

A

cancerous tumour composed mainly of neuroblasts

50
Q

oligodendroglioma

A

cancerous tumour composed mainly of neuroglial cells, located in cerebrum

51
Q

oncogenes

A

cancer-causing genes

52
Q

oncogenic

A

pertaining to the potential formation of tumours

53
Q

osteogenic sarcoma

A

cancerous tumour composed of bone tissue

54
Q

Paget’s disease of the breast

A

a rare form of breast cancer

55
Q

port

A

in radiation therapy, refers to the skin area of entry for radiation

56
Q

proliferation

A

process of rapid production

57
Q

remission

A

process of lessening the severity of symptoms

58
Q

reticulosarcoma

A

cancerous tumour of the lymphatic system

59
Q

retinoblastoma

A

cancerous tumour of the retina

60
Q

rhabdomyosarcoma

A

cancerous tumour originating from same embryonic cells that become striated muscles

61
Q

seminoma

A

cancerous tumour of the testis

62
Q

tamponade (cardiac)

A

excessive fluid in the pericardial sac

63
Q

teletherapy

A

radiation therapy where radioactive substance is at a distance from body area being treated

64
Q

teratoma

A

cancerous tumour of the ovary or testis

65
Q

thymoma

A

tumour of the thymus gland

66
Q

trismus

A

pertaining to the inability to open the mouth fully

67
Q

Wilms’ tumour

A

cancerous tumour of the kidney, occurring mainly in children

68
Q

xerostomia

A

condition of dryness of the mouth

69
Q

nephroblastoma is also known as

A

Wilms’ tumour

Medical terminology (61 decks)

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