Chapter 19 vocabulary Flashcards by Jordan Lipsett

adjuvant therapy

in breast cancer; incl chemotherapy, radiation therapy, or hormone therapy

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adenocarcinoma

malignant tumour arising in glandular organ

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anaplasia

characteristic of most cancerous cells in which there is a loss of differentiation and an irreversible alteration in adult cells toward more embryonic cell types

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astrocytoma

tumour composed of astrocytes

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betatron

machine used in administration of external radiation therapy

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brachytherapy

radiation therapy where radioactive substance is inserted into body cavity or organ

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Burkitt’s lymphoma

malignant tumour, commonly affects children in Africa; characteristic symptom is swollen jaw

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carcinoid

tumour derived from argentaffin cells in intestinal tract

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carcinoma

malignant tumour of epithelial tissue

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chondrosarcoma

cancerous tumour of cartilage cells

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choriocarcinoma

cancerous tumour of uterus

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cyclotron

machine used in administration of external radiatipn therapy

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dedifferentiation

process by which normal cels lose their specialization and become malignant

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differentiation

process by which normal cells have a distinct appearance and specialized function

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ductal carcinoma in situ

abnormal cells that involve only the lining of a duct

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encapsulated

enclosed within a site

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Ewing’s sarcoma

primary bone cancer occurring in pelvic area or long bones

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fibrosarcoma

cancerous tumour arising in collagen-producing fibroblasts

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what is the most common form of cancer?

carcinoma

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fungating

process of growing rapidly, like a fungus

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what tumours originate in connective tissue?

sarcoma

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glioblastoma

rapidly growing cancer of the brain

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glioma

cancerous tumour of the brain

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hemangiosarcoma

cancerous tumour originating in blood vessels

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Hodgkin's disease

form of lymphoma occurring in children and young adults

human T-cell leukemia-lymphoma virus

first virus known to cause cancer in humans

hyperplasia

excessive formation & growth of normal cells

immunosuppression

process of preventing formation of immune response

immunotherapy

treatment of disease by active, passive, or adoptive immunity

infiltrative

pertaining to the process of extending or growing into normal tissue

in situ

enclosed within a site

leiomyosarcoma

cancerous tumour of smooth muscle tissue

leukemia

cancer of the blood characterized by overproduction of leukocytes

linear accelerator

machine used in administration of external radiation therapy

liposarcoma

cancerous tumour of fat cells

lobular carcinoma in situ

abnormal cells found in lobules of the breast

lymphangiosarcoma

cancerous tumour of lymphatic vessels

lymphoma

cancerous tumour of lymphoid tissue

lymphosarcoma

cancerous disease of lymphatic tissue

medulloblastoma

cancerous tumour of the brain; fourth ventricle and cerebellum

meningioma

cancerous tumour originating in the meninges of the brain

mucositis

inflammation of the oral mucosa

mutagen

agent that causes a change in the DNA

mutation

process by which DNA is changed

mycotoxin

substance produced by fungus growing in food or animal feed that can cause cancer if ingested

myeloma

tumour arising in hemopoietic portion of bone marrow

myosarcoma

cancerous tumour of muscle tissue

neoplasm

new tissue formed, such as abnormal growth or tumour

nephroblastoma

cancerous tumour of the kidney

neuroblastoma

cancerous tumour composed mainly of neuroblasts

oligodendroglioma

cancerous tumour composed mainly of neuroglial cells, located in cerebrum

oncogenes

cancer-causing genes

oncogenic

pertaining to the potential formation of tumours

osteogenic sarcoma

cancerous tumour composed of bone tissue

Paget's disease of the breast

a rare form of breast cancer

port

in radiation therapy, refers to the skin area of entry for radiation

proliferation

process of rapid production

remission

process of lessening the severity of symptoms

reticulosarcoma

cancerous tumour of the lymphatic system

retinoblastoma

cancerous tumour of the retina

rhabdomyosarcoma

cancerous tumour originating from same embryonic cells that become striated muscles

seminoma

cancerous tumour of the testis

tamponade (cardiac)

excessive fluid in the pericardial sac

teletherapy

radiation therapy where radioactive substance is at a distance from body area being treated

teratoma

cancerous tumour of the ovary or testis

thymoma

tumour of the thymus gland

trismus

pertaining to the inability to open the mouth fully

Wilms' tumour

cancerous tumour of the kidney, occurring mainly in children

xerostomia

condition of dryness of the mouth

nephroblastoma is also known as

Wilms' tumour