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Medical terminology > Chapter 7 - vocabulary (full terms) > Flashcards

Chapter 7 - vocabulary (full terms) Flashcards

1
Q

abductor

A

muscle that draws away from middle

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2
Q

adductor

A

muscle that draws toward the middle

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3
Q

antagonist

A

muscle that counteracts action of another muscle

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4
Q

ataxia

A

lack of muscular coordination

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5
Q

atonic

A

pertaining to lack of normal muscle tone

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6
Q

atrophy

A

literally: lack of nourishment wasting of muscular tissue due to lack of use or lack of nerve stimulation

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7
Q

biceps

A

muscle with two heads or points of origin

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8
Q

brachialgia

A

pain in the arm

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9
Q

bradykinesia

A

slowness of motion

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10
Q

clonic

A

pertaining to alternate contraction and relaxation of muscles

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11
Q

contraction

A

process of drawing up and thickening of a muscle fiber

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12
Q

contracture

A

condition in which muscles shortens an renders it resistant to normal stretching process

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13
Q

dactylospasm

A

cramp of finger or toe

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14
Q

dermatomyositis

A

chronic, immunological disease: inflammation of muscles and skin

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15
Q

diaphragm

A

partition of muscles and membranes separating the chest cavity from the abdominal cavity

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16
Q

diathermy

A

treatment using high-frequency current to produce heat within a part of the body

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17
Q

dystonia

A

condition of impaired muscle tone

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18
Q

dystrophin

A

protein found in muscle cells

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19
Q

dystrophy

A

any condition of abnormal development caused by defective nourishment

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20
Q

exercise - active

A

muscular contraction and relaxation by patient

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21
Q

exercise - assistive

A

muscular contraction and relaxation with assistance of therapist

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22
Q

exercise - isometric

A

active muscular contraction against stable resistance

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23
Q

exercise - passive

A

exercise performed by another individual without patient assistance

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24
Q

exercise - range of motion

A

movement of each joint through its full range of motion

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25
Q

exercise - relief of tension

A

technique used to promote relaxation of muscles and provide tension relief

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26
Q

fascia

A

thin layer of connective tissue covering, supporting, or connecting the muscles

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27
Q

fibromyitis

A

inflammation of muscle and fibrous tissue

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28
Q

isometric

A

pertaining to having equal measure; increasing tension of muscle while maintaining its length

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29
Q

isotonic

A

pertaining to having the same tone or tension

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30
Q

levator

A

muscle that raises or elevates a part

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31
Q

myalgia

A

pain in the muscle

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32
Q

myasthenia gravis

A

chronic autoimmune disease characterized by varying degrees of weakness of the skeletal muscles

33
Q

myoblast

A

embryonic cell that develops into cell of muscle fibre

34
Q

myofibroma

A

tumour that contains muscle and fibre

35
Q

myograph

A

instrument used to record muscular contractions

36
Q

myokinesis

A

muscular motion or activity

37
Q

myology

A

study of muscles

38
Q

myoma

A

tumour containing muscle tissue

39
Q

myomalacia

A

softening of muscle tissue

40
Q

myoparesis

A

weakness/slight paralysis of a muscle

41
Q

myopathy

A

muscle disease

42
Q

myoplasty

A

surgical repair of a muscle

43
Q

myorrhaphy

A

surgical suture of muscle wound

44
Q

myosarcoma

A

malignant tumour derived from muscle tissue

45
Q

myosclerosis

A

abnormal condition of hardening of muscle

46
Q

myositis

A

inflammation of skeletal muscle

47
Q

myospasm

A

spasmodic contraction of a muscle

48
Q

myotome

A

surgical instrument used to cut muscle

49
Q

myotomy

A

surgical incision into a muscle

50
Q

neuromyopathic

A

pertaining to a disease condition involving both nerves and muscles

51
Q

polyplegia

A

paralysis affecting many muscles

52
Q

quadriceps

A

muscle that has four heads or points of origin

53
Q

rhabdomyoma

A

tumour of striated muscle tissue

54
Q

rheumatism

A

general term used to describe conditions characterized by inflammation, soreness, and stiffness of muscles and joint pain

55
Q

rotator cuff

A

group of muscles and tendons that stabilize the shoulder

56
Q

sarcolemma

A

plasma membrane surrounding each striated muscle fibre

57
Q

spasticity

A

condition of increase muscular tone causing stiff and awkward movements

58
Q

sternocleidomastoid

A

muscle arising from the sternum with its insertion in the mastoid process

59
Q

synergetic

A

pertaining to certain muscles that work together

60
Q

synovitis

A

inflammation of synovial membrane

61
Q

tendon

A

connective tissue that attaches muscle to bones

62
Q

tenodesis

A

surgical binding of a tendon

63
Q

tenodynia

A

pain in a tendon

64
Q

tetany

A

condition characterized by cramps, convulsions, muscle twitching, and sharp flexion of wrist/ankle joints

65
Q

tonic

A

pertaining to tone

66
Q

torsion

A

process of being twisted

67
Q

torticollis

A

stiff neck cause by spasmodic contraction of neck muscles

68
Q

triceps

A

muscle having three heads with single insertion

69
Q

contractility

A

ability of muscle to contract

70
Q

extensibility

A

ability of muscle to stretch

71
Q

excitability

A

ability of a muscle to respond to stimulation

72
Q

elasticity

A

ability of a muscle to return to normal position

73
Q

parts of muscle - origin

A

fixed attachment to stationary bone

74
Q

parts of muscle - body

A

main part of muscle

75
Q

parts of muscle - insertion

A

point of attachment to bone that muscle is moving

76
Q

aponeurosis

A

sheet-like tendon attaching muscles in specific areas of the body (abdomen for example)

77
Q

prime mover/agonist

A

primary muscle involved in movement

78
Q

synergist

A

muscles that act to assist in movement

79
Q

tonicity

A

continuous partial contraction of skeletal muscles to maintain posture

Medical terminology (61 decks)

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