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AEMT Vocab > Chapter 8 Vocab > Flashcards

Chapter 8 Vocab Flashcards

1
Q

Acetylcholine (ACh)

A

Neurotransmitter in the voluntary nervous system, & in both the sympathetic and parasympathetic NS.

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2
Q

Acids

A

A substance that can give up a H+ ion

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3
Q

Action Potential

A

Temporary electrical change in a cell that from - to + that allows impulse to go to adjacent cells

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4
Q

Aerobic metabolism

A

Cell energy production that uses 02 and results in H2O and CO2

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5
Q

Alkali

A

A substance that can receive a H+ ion

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6
Q

Alpha1 receptor

A

Molecule in cells that binds with Norepinephrine and epinephrine to cause vasoconstriction.

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7
Q

Anaerobic metabolism

A

Cell energy production without using O2, results in pyruvic acid as wasts

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8
Q

antibodies

A

substances made by immune system that can recognize antigens and attack them

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9
Q

antigens

A

any foreign body or substance that enters the body

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10
Q

automaticity

A

property of cardiac cells that allows them to create their own electrical impulse

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11
Q

basilar skull

A

floor of the cranial cavity

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12
Q

bicarbonate

A

an anion (HCO3-) that can combine with other substances, high levels indicate alkolosis

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13
Q

bile

A

Digestive enzyme from liver that breaks up fats

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14
Q

Boyle’s law

A

That gas volume and pressure are inversely related

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15
Q

buffer system

A

mechanisms in body that prevent significant changes in pH

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16
Q

calyx

A

meaning “cup,” the renal calyces serve to collect urine

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17
Q

cerbrospinal fluid

A

serious fluid that cushions brain and spinal cord

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18
Q

chemoreceptor

A

sensory cells that respond to chemical changes in body fluids to maintain homeostasis

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19
Q

conductivity

A

the ability of a structure to allow an impulse to travel through it

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20
Q

connective tissue

A

binds together and provides support for body structures

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21
Q

cutaneous

A

pertaining to the skin

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22
Q

depolarization

A

equilizing the difference in electrical charge across a cell membrane by moving ions

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23
Q

diffuse

A

movement of solutes from high concentration to low concentration

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24
Q

disseminated intravascular coagulation

A

abnormal formation of blood clots within vascular system

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25
Q

electrolyte

A

compound that dissociates into ions in a solution

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26
Q

embryo

A

human organism from day 4 through 8th week of developement

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27
Q

endothelium

A

epithelial tissue that lines inside of a structure

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28
Q

epithelial tissue

A

layers of cells that cover or line a structure, allowing for adsorption, secretion, protection, or any specialized funtion

29
Q

excitability

A

property of being able to respond to stimuli

30
Q

extracellular fluid

A

fluid that is outside of the cells

31
Q

fetus

A

human organism from 60 gestation till birth

32
Q

filtrate

A

fluid that has passes through a filter

33
Q

foramen magnum

A

large opening at base of the skull that allows brain stem to connect to spinal cord

34
Q

glucagon

A

hormone secreted by pancreas that breaks down glycogen into glucose

35
Q

glycolysis

A

the breakdown of glucose

36
Q

gradient

A

graduated change in the degree of a property present

37
Q

hemoglobin

A

iron containing protein molecule in RBCs

38
Q

hemostasis

A

process in which the body stops bleeding using vasoconstriction, platelets, and fibrin

39
Q

histamine

A

substance released from WBCs that cause vasodilation, increased mucous production, aka allergic response

40
Q

homeostasis

A

equilibrium in the body through feedback and adjustment

41
Q

hormones

A

molecules that are chemical messengers secreted into blood

42
Q

hydrostatic pressure

A

pressure from non-moving water

43
Q

insulin

A

hormone released in response into increased blood glucose levels, moves glucose into cells

44
Q

ion

A

chemical particle with a charge

45
Q

Krebs Cycle

A

reactions in mitochondria where pyruvic acid is converted to energy

46
Q

lumen

A

open channel within a structure, like an artery or vein

47
Q

mean arterial pressure (MAP)

A

average pressure exerted against walls of arteries

48
Q

metabolism

A

sum of all chemical and physical changes in the body

49
Q

millimeters of mercury (mmHg)

A

measurement of pressure, how much to raise a column of mercury by 1 mm

50
Q

neurotransmitters

A

chemical messenger secreted from synaptic terminal of an axon into synapse between receiving structure (neuron, muscle, etc)

51
Q

osmolarity

A

concentration of ions in a solution

52
Q

osmosis

A

diffusion of water across semi-permeable membrane

53
Q

osmotic pressure

A

force with which water passes through a membrane

54
Q

oxidative phosphorylation

A

cell process where adenosine triphosphate (ATP) if produced from adenosine diphosphate (ADP)

55
Q

partial pressure

A

pressure of an individual gas in a mixture of gases

56
Q

perfusion

A

provision of O2 and nutrients at the cellular level

57
Q

pH

A

potential of hydrogen as measured by H+ conentration

58
Q

pulse pressure

A

difference between systolic and diastolic pressure

59
Q

repolarization

A

return of cell to polarized state after depolarization

60
Q

respiration

A

exchange of gas between body and environment

61
Q

respiratory membrane

A

tissue layer though which gas exchange occurs between alveoli and capillaries

62
Q

serous fluid

A

watery fluid in the peritoneum lining of abdominal cavity

63
Q

surfactant

A

wetting agent that allows fluid to spread across surface

64
Q

sutures

A

immovable joints that join bones of skull together

65
Q

tidal volume

A

amount of air in normal expiration

66
Q

ventilation

A

movement of air in and out of lungs

67
Q

villi

A

finger-like projection of certain cells that increase surface area

68
Q

zygote

A

cell from union of sperm and egg

AEMT Vocab (29 decks)

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