Chapter 23 Vocab

Question 1

Addison disease

Answer 1

condition from the adrenal cortices producing inadequate amounts of adrenal cortical hormones, affects carbohydrate and protein metabolism and electrolyte and water balance

Question 2

Adrenal crisis

Answer 2

complication of Addison’s disease when the body can’t maintain homeostasis due to lack of adrenal cortical hormones

Question 3

Antihyperglycemic agents

Answer 3

meds taken by type 2 diabetics to lower blood glucose levels by various mechanisms

Question 4

Cushing’s syndrome

Answer 4

disorder caused by oversecretion of adrenal cortical hormones or from long term corticosteriod therapy

Question 5

Diabetes mullitus

Answer 5

disorder of glucose metabolism resulting from insufficient insulin

Question 6

Diabetic ketoacidosis

Answer 6

a hyperglycemic diabetic emergency where patient suffers from dehydration, acidosis, and electrolyte imbalance

Question 7

Glucagon

Answer 7

hormone secreted by alpha cells of the pancreas in response to low blood glucose levels. Stimulates breakdown of glycogen into glucose

Question 8

Gluconeogenesis

Answer 8

the synthesis of glucose from amino and fatty acids

Question 9

Glycogenolysis

Answer 9

the breakdown of glycogen stores into glucose

Question 10

Goiter

Answer 10

enlargement of the thyroid gland, either from hypothyroidism or hyperthyroidism

Question 11

Graves’ disease

Answer 11

form of hyperthyroidism

Question 12

Hyperglycemia

Answer 12

high level of glucose, greater than 140 ml/dL

Question 13

Hyperthyroidism

Answer 13

oversecretion of thyroid hormones, creating s/s associated with increased metabolic rate

Question 14

Hypoglycemia

Answer 14

low blood glucose, less than 70 ml/dL, but not treated unless <60

Question 15

Hypothyroidism

Answer 15

insufficient amount of thyroid hormone is secreted, creating s/s associated with slowed metabolism

Question 16

Insulin

Answer 16

hormone secreted by beta cells of pancreas in response to increased blood glucose levels.

Question 17

ketones

Answer 17

acidic substances the accumulate in the blood when fats are used for energy in large quantities

Question 18

Kussmaul’s respirations

Answer 18

regular, deep, rapid respirations, when the body’s trying to compensate metabolic acidosis for DKA

Question 19

Myxedema

Answer 19

doughy edema of the tissues in hypothyroid conditions, often associated with courseness of skin

Question 20

Myxedema coma

Answer 20

severe, life threatening form of decreased metabolism from hypothyroidism

Question 21

Nonketotic hyperosmolar coma

Answer 21

complication of type 2 diabetes where blood glucose may reach 1,000ml/dL, resulting in diuresis, dehydration, thirst, and electrolyte disorders without ketoacidosis

Question 22

Sulfonylurea

Answer 22

class of oral antihyperglycemic agents that act by stimulating the pancreas to increase insulin production

Question 23

Thyrotoxicosis

Answer 23

life threatening form of hyperthyroidism the includes tachycardia, hyperthermia, AMS (aka, thyroid storm)

Question 24

Tropic hormones

Answer 24

hormones secreted by one endocrine gland that stimulate another endocrine gland

Question 25

Type 1 diabetes

Answer 25

diabetes with onset at younger age that requires insulin replacement therapy because of autoimmune destruction of pancreatic beta cells

Question 26

Type 2 diabetes

Answer 26

diabetes with onset in middle aged, obese people, controlled by diet, exercise, weight loss, and oral meds. Insulin may be required in severe cases

Question 27

Vasopressin

Answer 27

hormone released from pituitary gland that causes vasoconstriction and decreases urine output in increase B/P. aka, ADH