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NFDS > Chapter 8- Vitamins > Flashcards

Chapter 8- Vitamins Flashcards

1
Q

What is a vitamin?

A

Essential, organic carbon based structure, doesn’t provide energy, doesn’t provide calories

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2
Q

What is a provitamin?

A

It has to be processed to become a vitamin. Ex- Vitamin A

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3
Q

What are the fat soluble vitamins?

A

A, D, E, K

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4
Q

What are the water soluble vitamins?

A

B & C

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5
Q

How do we absorb fat-soluble vitamins?

A

They have to be carried in lipoproteins in the blood

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6
Q

Do we need fat or water soluble vitamins more regularly?

A

Water soluble

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7
Q

How do we lose vitamins?

A

Through heat, light, air, and water

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8
Q

How do you minimize the loss of vitamins?

A

eat produce fresh, collect water of steamed vegetables, cook for less time, peel and cut right before use, canning, freezing, store in cool areas

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9
Q

Who benefits from supplements?

A

Pregnant women, nutrient deficient people, elderly, vegetarians, alcoholics, newborns

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10
Q

What should you look for in supplements?

A

Doses, quality, non vitamins, marketing

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11
Q

What is the first step of cancer development?

A

Carcinogen enters a normal cell and alters the DNA, creates abnormal cell division

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12
Q

What is the second step of cancer development?

A

Promoters enhance the development of abnormal cells, form into a tumor

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13
Q

What is the third step of cancer development?

A

Cancerous tumor releases cells into the bloodstream or lymphatic system. This is called METASTASIS!!

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14
Q

How do you reduce cancer risk?

A

Increase fruits and vegetables, increase whole grains, fiber, and healthy fats, decrease calories and weight, decrease alcohol and red meat

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15
Q

What turns into the provitamin, Vitamin A?

A

Beta Carotene

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16
Q

What are the functions of Vitamin A?

A

Gene regulation, tissue development (Epithelial), immune functions, reproductive growth, vision, healthy maintenance of cornea, antioxidant

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17
Q

What are the symptoms of Vitamin A deficiency?

A

Hardening of the cornea, permanent thickening of the cornea (blindness), rough scaly skin, increased infection, decreased mucus membranes, night blindness

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18
Q

What are the symptoms of Vitamin A toxicity?

A

Orange tint on skin, Birth defects

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19
Q

What are food sources of Vitamin A?

A

Carrots, pumpkin, sweet potatoes, dark leafy greens, liver, eggs

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20
Q

What are the functions of Vitamin D?

A

Bone development, maintaining blood calcium levels, decreasing calcium loss in kidney, cause release of calcium from the bone, increase absorption

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21
Q

What are the symptoms of Vitamin D deficiency?

A

Rickets (children have bone development issues), and Osteomalacia (adults)

22
Q

What are the symptoms of Vitamin D toxicity?

A

Excess calcium deposit on bones

23
Q

What are food sources of Vitamin D?

A

Fatty fish, fish liver oil, beef liver, egg yolks, fortified milk, UV rays from the sun

24
Q

Can you get Vitamin D toxicity from the sun?

A

No.

25
Q

What are the functions of Vitamin E?

A

Antioxidant, blood clotting (anti-coagulant)

26
Q

What are food sources of Vitamin E?

A

Oils, nuts, seeds, eggs, wheat germ

27
Q

What are the functions of Vitamin K?

A

Activates blood clotting, bone development, helps with bone mineralization

28
Q

What are the symptoms of Vitamin K deficiency?

A

Babies can have very thin blood

29
Q

What are symptoms of Vitamin K toxicity?

A

Stroke, clots

30
Q

What are food sources of Vitamin K?

A

Dark leafy greens, broccoli, brussel sprouts, cabbage

31
Q

What are the functions of Vitamin C?

A

Connective tissue growth, wound healing, blood vessels, cartilage, antioxidant

32
Q

What are the symptoms of Vitamin C deficiency?

A

Bleeding gums, purple bruising, Black canker or “black leg”, scurvy

33
Q

What are the symptoms of Vitamin C toxicity?

A

megadoses, Nausea, vomiting, diarrhea

34
Q

What are food sources of Vitamin C?

A

Potatoes, citrus, green peppers, broccoli

35
Q

What is the function of Thiamin?

A

Coenzyme in metabolism (mostly carbs)

36
Q

What are the symptoms of Thiamin deficiency?

A

Berri Berri- nerve problems, tingling, poor coordination, muscle pain
Wet Berri Berri- edema
Dry Berri berri- no edema
Alcohol abuse can cause deficiency

37
Q

What are food sources of thiamin?

A

Fortified grains

38
Q

What is riboflavin destroyed by?

A

Light

39
Q

What are symptoms of Riboflavin deficiency?

A

Cracks at corner of the mouth, sore throat, hypersensitivity to light

40
Q

What are food sources of Riboflavin?

A

dairy products

41
Q

What are the functions of Niacin?

A

Electron carrier, part of electron metabolism

42
Q

How is Niacin formed?

A

from amino acid Tryptophan

43
Q

What are symptoms of Niacin deficiency?

A

Pellagra- dermatitis, diarrhea, dementia, death

44
Q

What are food sources of Niacin?

A

Most meats, peanuts, beans, milk

45
Q

What are symptoms of Niacin toxicity?

A

Niacin flush

46
Q

What is the function of folate?

A

DNA synthesis- new cell division, and new cell synthesis

47
Q

What are the symptoms of Folate deficiency?

A

Neural tube defects, macrocytic anemia

48
Q

What are the symptoms of Folate toxicity?

A

Can mask symptoms of B12 deficiencies

49
Q

What are food sources of Folate?

A

Supplements, foliage, dried beans, fortified grains, cantaloupe

50
Q

What are the functions of Vitamin B12?

A

Absorption requires adequate stomach acid and intrinsic factor

51
Q

What are the symptoms of Vitamin B12 deficiency?

A

Pernicious anemia, nerve damage

52
Q

What are food sources of Vitamin B12?

A

Animal products, fortified milk

NFDS (15 decks)

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