Chapter 14- Pregnancy and Breastfeeding Flashcards
What is the pregnancy length?
40 weeks
How is pregnancy divided, and how long is it?
into trimesters, they are about 13 weeks each
What happens the first two weeks of fetal development?
the zygote attaches to the uterine wall
What happens weeks 3-8 of pregnancy?
Organs develop, heart beat, digestive system formed
What happens the 2nd and 3rd trimester?
bones, muscles, organs grow. There is very rapid growth
How much energy does a pregnant woman need?
300kcal/day (one extra serving per food group)
How much extra protein does a pregnant woman need?
15g per day
How much folate does a pregnant woman need? as well as the amount for a normal woman
600mcg per day
Non-pregnant is 400mcg
What are food sources of folate?
Foliage, dark leafy greens, supplements, dried beans
What does a pregnant woman need when it comes to iron?
a supplement
How much weight should a woman with underweight BMI gain during pregnancy?
28-40lbs
How much weight should a woman with a normal BMI gain during pregnancy?
25-35lbs
How much weight should a woman with overweight BMI gain during pregnancy?
15-25lbs
How much weight should a woman with Obese BMI gain during pregnancy?
11-20 lbs
How much weight should a pregnant woman gain during the first Trimester?
3.5lbs
How much weight should a pregnant woman gain after the first trimester?
1lbs/week
What are the components of weight gain in pregnancy?
Increase in fat storage (4-8lbs)
Blood supply (4lbs)
Fetus, Placenta, & amniotic fluid (11lbs)
Uterus and Breasts (6lbs)
What are the risks of an underweight pregnant mother?
Low birthweight baby (5.5lbs), higher instance of mortality, more health problems in first year
What are the risks of an obese pregnant mother?
Baby is more likely to have heart defects, neural tube defects, and other defects
How many women experience nausea and vomiting in 1st trimester?
70-80%
What are remedies for nausea and vomiting?
Avoid nauseating food or smells, saltine crackers or dry cereal, avoid drinking large volumes, and eat small and frequent meals
What are causes of constipation in pregnancy?
Relaxation of intestinal muscles, fetus competes for space with GI tract, extra iron in prenatal supplements
What are remedies for constipation?
Exercise and consuming adequate fluid (10 cups) and fiber (28g)
What are the causes of heartburn in pregnancy?
Progesterone relaxes GI muscles, causing reflux of stomach acid into esophagus
