Brainscape's Knowledge GenomeTM

Browse over 1 million classes created by top students, professors, publishers, and experts.


See full index

NFDS > Chapter 6- Protein > Flashcards

Chapter 6- Protein Flashcards

1
Q

What is the generic structure for a amino acid?

A

Amino group (NH2), an acid group (OCOH), and RCH in the middle (R is subject to change)- is also called the side chain

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
2
Q

What makes protein different from the other macronutrients?

A

It is the only one with Nitrogen

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
3
Q

What is the process of DNA to RNA to Protein?

A

DNA gives a message to RNA in the nucleus, the messenger RNA leaves the nucleus and goes to the cytoplasm, RNA joins with organelle, Ribosome does synthesis of protein, this determines the sequence of amino acid chain

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
4
Q

What is it called when there are few amino acids in the chain?

A

A peptide

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
5
Q

Is insulin a protein?

A

yes

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
6
Q

How many essential amino acids are there?

A

There are 9 essential, in total there are 20 different amino acids

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
7
Q

Where does protein digestion happen?

A

In the stomach

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
8
Q

What is recycling amino acids?

A

Amino acids that are no longer needed are used to build new proteins and provide energy if glucose is lacking

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
9
Q

Are both essential and nonessential amino acids needed for protein synthesis?

A

Yes

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
10
Q

What happens in the small intestine for protein digestion?

A

There are peptide bonds that are absorbed (usually single peptides), there are also enzymes

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
11
Q

What is the use for amino acid metabolism in cells?

A

to build protein, it can be altered for another compound, can be dismantled for other nonessential amino acids (transamination), and can be used as energy (deamination)

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
12
Q

What are the functions of nitrogen balance in protein?

A

Growth and maintenance, fluid balance, acid base balance (PH), building enzymes and hormones and compounds, providing energy and glucose, blood clotting, and transport

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
13
Q

What is a positive nitrogen protein balance?

A

When you are adding body tissue

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
14
Q

What is a negative nitrogen protein balance?

A

Losing body tissue

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
15
Q

What is considered high quality protein?

A

foods with all the essential amino acids in the right proportions

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
16
Q

What is considered Moderate protein quality?

A

foods with pretty good proportions of amino acids

17
Q

What is considered low protein quality?

A

foods limiting in some of the amino acids

18
Q

What are grains limiting in?

A

Lysine

19
Q

What should you do with low quality protein foods?

A

combine with other low quality foods

20
Q

What is the RDA for protein for a healthy body weight?

A

0.8g per kg

21
Q

What is the World Health Organization recommendation for protein?

A

10% of calories for lower limit, 15% for upper limit

22
Q

How much protein should you have at a time?

A

No more than 20g

23
Q

What is a limited amino acid in legumes?

A

Methionine

24
Q

What is limited in nuts and seeds?

A

Lysine

25
Q

What is limited in vegetables?

A

methionine

26
Q

What are the consequences of too little protein?

A

Malnutrition, slow growth, impaired immune system, impaired nutrient absorption, impaired brain and kidney function

27
Q

What are two diseases from protein malnutrition?

A

Kwashiorkor and Marasmus

28
Q

What is Kwashiorkor?

A

Lacking in protein

29
Q

What is Marasmus?

A

Lacking severely in calories and protein

30
Q

What are the types of vegetarian diets?

A

Vegan, Vegetarian (lacto-ovo and Lacto)

31
Q

What are nutrients of concern for a Vegetarian diet?

A

Protein, Omega-3 Fats, Vitamin B12, Vitamin D, Calcium, Zinc, Iron (most!)

32
Q

What is nutrigenomics?

A

The effects of nutrients on the genome and regulation of gene expression
ex. vitamin A can regulate gene expression

33
Q

What is nutrigenetics?

A

Effect of genetic variation on interaction between diet and disease, response nutrients, and food bioactives.
ex. celiac disease

NFDS (10 decks)

Brainscape helps you reach your goals faster, through stronger study habits.
© 2024 Bold Learning Solutions. Terms and Conditions