Chapter 15- Infancy to Adolescence Flashcards
What happens at 0-4 months old and what can they eat?
They can turn their head and have the tongue thrust reflex. They can only have breastmilk or formula
When are infants able to eat solid foods? (puree)
around 6 months, ONLY if they can control their head and sit up
What do you feed infants at 6 months who can eat solids?
Iron fortified cereal (puree)
When does the tongue thrust reflex diminish?
around 4-6 months
What texture can 6-8 month old’s food be?
mashed-lumpy
What should an infant be able to do at 6-8 months?
hold their own bottle, grab food, sit up on their own
At what age can an infant have milk and honey?
at 12 months
Why would honey be dangerous before 12 months?
Can cause Botulism
What texture should the food of an 8-10 month old be?
mashed, lumpy, chopped
What texture can a 10-12 month old’s food be?
chopped to table food
What should a 10-12 month old be able to do?
hold their own spoon
What supplements does a baby need, and when?
Vitamin D (within first 6 months)
Vitamin K (at birth)
Iron (4 months- breastfed, 6 months-formula fed)
Fluoride (6 months if not in water supply)
Why does a baby need vitamin D?
Bone development and because it is not in breastmilk
Why does a baby need Vitamin K?
for proper blood clotting (injection at birth)
Why do babies need iron supplements?
Motor development, behaviors. Only those who are breastfed
Is BMI measured the same for children as adults?
No
How do you measure BMI for children?
Plot it on a growth chart
What is overweight BMI for children?
Above 85th percentile, below 95th percentile
What is considered an Obese BMI for children?
Above 95th percentile
What are prevention and treatment methods in food for childhood obesity?
Eat breakfast every day, fruits and veggies, limit sugar sweetened drinks, limit frequency of meals outside the home, food habits need to be followed by the whole family
What is physical activity recommended for children?
60 mins/day
How much screen time should children be limited to per day?
2 hours
What are behavior methods that can prevent childhood obesity?
Have family meals 5-6 times a week, get enough sleep (not too much), parents’ model good behaviors, make changes as a family
What are timing practices for food?
3 meals a day (3-4hrs apart), 2-3 TIMED snacks. Avoid constant eating/grazing
What are some eating practices?
Plan meals with variety, color, texture. Also try new foods
What leads to better nutrient intake?
a wide variety of foods in the diet
How do you introduce new foods to kids?
one at a time, no bribes, be patient
How much juice can a child have each day?
No more than 4-6 oz per day
How do you get kids to have healthy eating habits?
Eat as a family
variety
let kids choose from nutritious foods already made
How do you know your child is eating enough?
If they are active, alert, and growing (according to chart)
What are choking hazards for kids?
Grapes, peanut butter, nuts, hot dogs, popcorn, round foods
What are the Top 8 allergens?
Milk, Eggs, Fish, Crustacean Shellfish, Tree nuts, Peanuts, Wheat, and Soy
What are allergies triggered by?
An immune system response
What percent of kids have allergies to food?
6%, most grow out of it by age 5
What percent of adults have true food allergies?
2%
Do the top 8 allergens have to be on nutrition labels?
Yes
What can cause dental carries?
Dates, candy, sugary drinks
How can you prevent dental carries?
Brushing, flossing, limit snacking between meals, snack on high fiber foods
