Chapter 8 Test Review

Question 1

Two methods of joint classification

Answer 1

Structural- anatomical structure of a joint

Functional- amount of movement permitted by a joint

Question 2

Functional classifications of joints

Answer 2

Synarthrosis

Amphiarthrosis

Diarthrosis

Question 3

Synarthrosis

Answer 3

Very stable, immovable joints

Question 4

Amphiarthrosis

Answer 4

Less stable, slightly movable

Question 5

Diarthrosis

Answer 5

Least stable, freely movable

Question 6

Structural classification of joints

Answer 6

Fibrous

Cartilaginous

Synovial

Question 7

Fibrous joints

Answer 7

Bones connected by fibrous tissue

Immovable

Question 8

Cartilaginous joints

Answer 8

Bones connected by cartilage

Immovable or slightly movable

Question 9

Synovial joints

Answer 9

Freely movable (diarthrotic)

Located at ends of longbones

Upper and lower limbs

Question 10

Structure of a synovial joint

Answer 10

Two long bones meet and are surrounded by the articulate capsule

Synovial membrane is the inner layer surrounding the joint cavity

Synovial fluid and article cartilage reduce friction between bones

Question 11

Accessory structures of synovial joints

Answer 11

Stabilize joints

Ligaments
Tendons
Bursae

Question 12

Ligaments

Answer 12

Connect bones to other bones to form joints

Question 13

Tendons

Answer 13

Connect bone to muscle

Question 14

Bursae

Answer 14

Fluid-filled sacs that act as a cushion between bones, tendons, joints and muscles

Cushion and lubricate pints between these points

Question 15

6 types of synovial joints

Answer 15

Plane/gliding

Hinge

Pivot

Condylar/ellipsoid

Saddle

Ball-and-socket

Question 16

Hinge joints

Answer 16

Elbows and knees

Permit flexion and extension only (bending and straightening)

Monoxial- Angular

Question 17

Pivot joints

Answer 17

Atlanto-axial joint (neck)

Only rotational movements

Lateral/medial rotation

Question 18

Ball-and-socket joints

Answer 18

Shoulder and hips

“Universal joints”- most freely moving

Allow for all movements except gliding

Triaxial- Rotation/circumduction/angular

Question 19

Articulation in shoulder

Answer 19

Ball and socket joint

All movement except gliding

Question 20

Articulation in elbows

Answer 20

Hinge joint

Angular-flexion and extension

Question 21

Articulation in hips

Answer 21

Ball and socket joint

Triaxial

Question 22

Articulation of knees

Answer 22

Hinge joints

Monoxial