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A & P I > Chapter 15 Test Review > Flashcards

Chapter 15 Test Review Flashcards

1
Q

Types of general senses

A

Touch, pain, temperature, vibration and tension on skin and internal organs

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2
Q

Types of special senses

A

Vision, hearing, smell, taste

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3
Q

Olfactory receptors

A

Smell receptors/chemoreceptors

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4
Q

Location of olfactory receptors

A

Roof of nasal cavity

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5
Q

What are odorants

A

Volatile substances give off odor molecules that can be picked up by olfactory receptors

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6
Q

Location and components of olfactory epithelium

A

Roof of nasal cavity

Composed of nasal cells, supporting cells and olfactory receptors

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7
Q

What kind of neurons are olfactory neurons

A

Modified bipolar neurons

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8
Q

What is olfactory cilia

A

Hairlike receptors that respond to chemical stimuli

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9
Q

Do olfactory pathways synapse in the thalamus?

A

NO

Only sensory pathway that does NOT synapse in the thalamus

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10
Q

Location of olfactory cortex

A

Temporal lobe

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11
Q

Location and types of lingual papillae

A

Located on the tongue

Fungiform, circumvallate, filliform

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12
Q

Location of tastebuds

A

Located IN lingual papillae

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13
Q

Gustatory receptors

A

Taste receptors

Taste buds

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14
Q

What stimulates gustatory receptors

A

Nerve impulses when in contact with salty, sweet, bitter, sour and umami flavors

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15
Q

What are gustatory microvilli

A

Projections from the taste pores

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16
Q

Five classes of taste sensations

A 
Salty
Sweet
Sour
Bitter
Umami
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17
Q

What kind of neuron is the first order neuron in the gustatory pathway

A

Unipolar sensory neurons

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18
Q

Do gustatory pathways synapse in the thalamus?

A

Yes

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19
Q

Location of gustatory cortex

A

Insula

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20
Q

Accessory structures of the eye

A 
Eyebrows
Eyelashes
Eyelids (palpebrae)
Conjunctiva
Lacrimal apparatus
Extrinsic eye muscles
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21
Q

Location of conjunctiva

A

Thin transparent membrane covering the visible part of the sclera (whites)

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22
Q

Components and function of lacrimal apparatus

A 
Lacrimal gland
Lacrimal sac
Excretory ducts
Lacrimal punctum
Lacrimal canal

Produces, distributes and removes tears

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23
Q

Function and type of eye muscles

A

Superior and inferior rectus, lateral and medial rectus, superior and inferior oblique

Move eyes up and down, back and forth and around

24
Q

Lens

A

Focuses light rays for near and far vision

25
Q

Anterior cavity of eye

A

Smaller, contains aqueous humor

Bathes and nourishes the lens

26
Q

Posterior cavity of the eye

A

Larger, contains vitreous humor

Helps keep the retina in place and for the eye to keep its spherical shape

27
Q

Types of tunics forming the wall of the eye

A

Fibrous
Vascular
Sensory

28
Q

Components of the fibrous tunic

A

Sclera and cornea

29
Q

Components of vascular tunic

A

Choroid, ciliary body, iris

30
Q

Components of sensory tunic

A

Retina

31
Q

Cells of the retina

A

Photoreceptors, bipolar cells, ganglion cells

32
Q

Function of cones

A

Color vision (day)

33
Q

Function of rods

A

Black and white vision (night)

34
Q

How is the optic nerve formed

A

Retinal ganglion, cell axons and glial cells beginning at the optic disc

35
Q

Definition of macula lutea

A

Spot at the center of the retina responsible for sharp, detailed vision

36
Q

Fovea centralis

A

Small central pit in the macula lutea composed of closely packed cones

37
Q

Optic disc/blind spot

A

Point of exit for ganglion cell axons which create the optic nerve

No cones or rods make this a blind spot

38
Q

Steps of visual pathway

A
  • light enters cornea
  • refracted through the aqueous humor and then the lens
  • through vitreous humor onto the retina
  • action potentials generates to bipolar cells and ganglion cells then axons of ganglion cells and into optic nerve
39
Q

Function of the optic chiasm

A

X-shaped space that serves to produce three dimensional vision

40
Q

Location of the visual cortex

A

Occipital lobe

41
Q

Components of the external ear

A

Auricle, external auditory canal, tympanic membrane

42
Q

Function of the tympanic membrane

A

Separates the outer and middle ear and receives sound vibrations from outer air and transmits then to auditory ossicles

43
Q

Function of ossicles

A

Transmits vibrations from the tympanic membrane to the inner ear cochlea

44
Q

Order of joining ossicles

A

The malleus is attached to the tympanic membrane

Incus attaches between the malleus and the stapes

Stapes attaches to the oval (vestibular) window

45
Q

Function of auditory/Eustachian tube

A

Regulates air pressure and drains accumulated secretions/debris

46
Q

Fluids in bony labyrinth

A

Perilymph

47
Q

Fluids in membranous labyrinth

A

Endolymph

48
Q

How many semi circular canals

A

3

49
Q

Vestibule

A

Mass at center of semicircular canals

50
Q

Vestibular complex

A

Location of receptors for balance and equilibrium

51
Q

Spiral organ/organ of corti in cochlea

A

Location of hearing/auditory receptors

52
Q

Sequence of events involved in hearing

A
  • sound waves arrive at tympanic membrane
  • vibrations move the auditory ossicles, movement of stapes at oval window establishes pressure waves
  • waves distort the basilar membrane on their way to the round window
  • vibration of basilar membrane causes vibration of hair cells
  • information about intensity and region of stimulation is relayed to the CNS over the cochleae nerve
53
Q

Fungiform papillae

A

Numerous but only 5 taste buds in each

54
Q

Circumvallate papillae

A

Fewest in number but each contains about 100 taste buds

55
Q

Filiform papillae

A

Most numerous but do not contain any tastebuds

A & P I (18 decks)

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