Ch 3 Test Review Flashcards
What 4 basic processes are common to all cell types?
Cell metabolism-chemical reactions that a cell carries out to maintain life
Transport of substances- some transported out of the cell, some to other locations within
Communication- with itself, its surrounding environment and with other cells through a variety of means
Cell reproduction- cell division is necessary for growth and development
What 3 components make up most animal cells?
Plasma membrane
Cytoplasm
Nucleus
Plasma membrane
Structural support, communication with other cells, regulation of transport in and out of cell and cell identification
Isolated the cell from its surroundings
Cytoplasm
Consists of the fluid cutosol and the organelles and cytoskeleton within it
Nucleus
Roughly spherical structure that contains most of the cells DNA and the production site for most of the cells RNA
Control cellular functions by finding for and creating proteins
Structure of the plasma membrane
Phospholipids bilayer- barrier between ECF and cytosol
Membrane proteins- carry out many of the membranes functions and give different cell types their unique properties- act as protein channels, carriers, receptors, enzymes, structural support
Cholesterol- stabilizes the structure of the plasma membrane when temps change
Function of membrane transport
To move nutrients into the cell and wastes and CO2 out of the cell
Passive transport
Requires no net expenditure of energy
Diffusion
Osmosis
Active transport
Require cells to expend energy, usually in the form of ATP
primary active Secondary active Via vesicles Endocytosis Exocytosis Transcytosis
Diffusion
Movement of absolute from an area of higher concentration to an area of lower concentration
Simple- nonpolar solutes pass straight through the phospholipid bilayer without help from a membrane protein
Facilitated- charged or polar solutes cross the phospholipid bilayer with the help of a membrane protein
Osmosis
Movement of a solvent across a selectively permeable membrane from a solution with a lower solute concentration to a solution with a higher solute concentration
Primary active transport
A pump binds a solute and transports it against its concentration gradient using ATP
Secondary active transport
Uses ATP indirectly
Uses ATP to create a concentration gradient by pumping one substance across the plasma membrane
Endocytosis
Fluid is brought into the cell by:
Phagocytosis- Cell’s ingest large particles such as bacteria, dead body cells etc.(immune system)
Pinocytosis- cellular ingestion of ECF. Vesicles bring nutrients dissolved in the ECF into the cell (all cells)
Exocytosis
Reverse of endocytosis
Particles to be release are packaged into transport vesicles, they then bind with the phospholipid bilayer and the molecules are released from the cell
