Ch 1 Test Review

Question 1

Anatomy

Answer 1

Study of the form of the human body

Question 2

Subdivisions of Anatomy

Answer 2

Microscopic and macroscopic

Question 3

Physiology

Answer 3

Study of the body’s functions

Question 4

Relationship between anatomy and physiology

Answer 4

They are complementary.

The structure of one part of the body determines its function

Question 5

Subdivisions of Physiology

Answer 5

Cell physiology

Organ physiology

Systemic physiology

Question 6

Six levels of organization

Answer 6

Molecular
Cellular 
Tissues
Organ 
Organ systems 
Organisms

Question 7

Eleven organ systems

Answer 7

Integumentary 
Digestive 
Urinary
Respiratory
Cardiovascular 
Endocrine 
Lymphatic 
Skeletal
Muscular
Nervous
Reproductive

Question 8

Anatomical position

Answer 8

Body is upright, feet together, limbs at sides, palms out

Question 9

10 Directional terms

Answer 9

Anterior 
Posterior 
Superior 
Inferior
Proximal 
Distal
Medial
Lateral
Superficial
Deep

Question 10

Planes of section

Answer 10

Sagittal- divides left/right (midsaggital/parasaggital)
Frontal- divides into front/back
Transverse- divides into top/bottom

Question 11

Abdominopelvic quadrants

Answer 11

Right/left upper

Right/left lower

Question 12

Dorsal body cavity

Answer 12

Backside; contains the cranial and vertebral cavities

Question 13

Ventral body cavity

Answer 13

Front of the trunk, consists of the lungs, heart, stomach, intestines, and reproductive organs

Question 14

Mediastinum

Answer 14

Division of the thoracic cavity that contains the heart, thymus gland, portions of the esophagus, trachea.

Area in chest btw the lungs

Question 15

Serous membranes

Answer 15

Thin sheets of tissue that look like multiple layers but are actually one continual layer.

Visceral layer (inner), parietal layer (outer)

Surround certain organs including the heart, lungs and many abdominal organs.

Pleural, pericardial, and peritoneal membranes

Question 16

Pleural membrane

Answer 16

Around the lungs

Question 17

Pericardial membranes

Answer 17

Around the heart

Question 18

Peritoneal membranes

Answer 18

Around some abdominal organs

Largest of the three

Question 19

4 core principals of anatomy and physiology

Answer 19

Feedback Loops

Gradients

Structure and function

Cell-cell communication

Question 20

Cell-cell communication

Answer 20

Process by which a cell detects and responds to signals in its environment

Question 21

Gradients

Answer 21

Present anytime more of something exists in one area than in another and the two are connected

Temperature
Concentration
Pressure

Question 22

Structure/Function

Answer 22

Structure determines a body parts function/physiology. They are complementary

Question 23

Feedback loops

Answer 23

All living things maintain a constant internal environment

HOMEOSTASIS

Negative: fixes the change

Positive: reinforces the initial

Question 24

Negative feedback loops

Answer 24

Negates the initial change and brings the system back to its set point

1. Receptor/sensor- senses the change
2. Control center- processes the signal and sends instructions
3. Effector- carries out instructions and returns the variable to the normal range

Question 25

Homeostasis

Answer 25

Body’s ability to develop and maintain a relatively stable internal environment