Ch 1 Test Review Flashcards
Anatomy
Study of the form of the human body
Subdivisions of Anatomy
Microscopic and macroscopic
Physiology
Study of the body’s functions
Relationship between anatomy and physiology
They are complementary.
The structure of one part of the body determines its function
Subdivisions of Physiology
Cell physiology
Organ physiology
Systemic physiology
Six levels of organization
Molecular Cellular Tissues Organ Organ systems Organisms
Eleven organ systems
Integumentary Digestive Urinary Respiratory Cardiovascular Endocrine Lymphatic Skeletal Muscular Nervous Reproductive
Anatomical position
Body is upright, feet together, limbs at sides, palms out
10 Directional terms
Anterior Posterior Superior Inferior Proximal Distal Medial Lateral Superficial Deep
Planes of section
Sagittal- divides left/right (midsaggital/parasaggital)
Frontal- divides into front/back
Transverse- divides into top/bottom
Abdominopelvic quadrants
Right/left upper
Right/left lower
Dorsal body cavity
Backside; contains the cranial and vertebral cavities
Ventral body cavity
Front of the trunk, consists of the lungs, heart, stomach, intestines, and reproductive organs
Mediastinum
Division of the thoracic cavity that contains the heart, thymus gland, portions of the esophagus, trachea.
Area in chest btw the lungs
Serous membranes
Thin sheets of tissue that look like multiple layers but are actually one continual layer.
Visceral layer (inner), parietal layer (outer)
Surround certain organs including the heart, lungs and many abdominal organs.
Pleural, pericardial, and peritoneal membranes
Pleural membrane
Around the lungs
Pericardial membranes
Around the heart
Peritoneal membranes
Around some abdominal organs
Largest of the three
4 core principals of anatomy and physiology
Feedback Loops
Gradients
Structure and function
Cell-cell communication
Cell-cell communication
Process by which a cell detects and responds to signals in its environment
Gradients
Present anytime more of something exists in one area than in another and the two are connected
Temperature
Concentration
Pressure
Structure/Function
Structure determines a body parts function/physiology. They are complementary
Feedback loops
All living things maintain a constant internal environment
HOMEOSTASIS
Negative: fixes the change
Positive: reinforces the initial
Negative feedback loops
Negates the initial change and brings the system back to its set point
- Receptor/sensor- senses the change
- Control center- processes the signal and sends instructions
- Effector- carries out instructions and returns the variable to the normal range
Homeostasis
Body’s ability to develop and maintain a relatively stable internal environment
