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A & P I > Chapter 11 Test Review > Flashcards

Chapter 11 Test Review Flashcards

1
Q

Organization of nervous system

A

Sensory (afferent) division receives stimuli and sends information to the CNS when the info is integrated and then the CNS tells the motor (efferent) division how to react physically (causes muscles to contract)

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2
Q

Cells of the nervous tissue

A

Neurons, neuroglia

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3
Q

Structure of a neuron

A

One or more dendrites, central body, one axon

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4
Q

Function of neurons

A

Process and transmit information

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5
Q

Dendrites

A

Receive and carry electrical signals to the cell body

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6
Q

Central cell body

A

Generates/conducts electrical signals to axon

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7
Q

Axon

A

Generates/conducts electrical signals to other neurons or muscles; splits into telodendria

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8
Q

Classification of neurons

A

Classified depending on their function (functional classification) or depending on their structure (structural classification)

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9
Q

Neuroglial cells

A

5-10 times more numerous than neurons. They include: all have a central cell body and branching processes

Astrocytes
Oligodendrocytes
Mocroglial cells
Ependymal cells

Schwann cells
Satellite cells

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10
Q

Astrocyte

A

Anchor neurons/blood vessels, regulate external environment, facilitate blood/brain barrier, repair damaged tissue

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11
Q

Oligodendrocyte

A

Myelinate certain axons in the CNS

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12
Q

Microglial cells

A

Act as phagocytes

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13
Q

Ependymal cells

A

Line cavities, circulate fluid around brain and spinal cord

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14
Q

Schwann cells

A

Form myelin sheaths around axons in PNS. Speeds up conduction of an action potential

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15
Q

Satellite cells

A

Surround the neuron cell bodies located in autonomic ganglia

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16
Q

Myelin sheaths

A

Protective/insulating layer around axons that allow electrical impulses to transmit quickly and efficiently

17
Q

White matter

A

Areas of CNS with many myelinated axons

18
Q

Gray matter

A

Area of CNS with many unmyelinated axons

19
Q

What type of neurons can undergo regeneration?

A

Motor nerves

Astrocytes involved in repairing damage

20
Q

What is the resting membrane potential?

A

When the cell is not conducting an electrical impulse

About -70mV

21
Q

Different types of ion channels

A

Leak channels

Gated channels

22
Q

Leak channels

A

Entire neuron

Always opened

23
Q

Ligand gated channel

A

Binding of a ligand to a receptor

Dendrites/cell body

24
Q

Voltage gated channel

A

Sodium/potassium channels

Voltage changes

25
Q

Mechanically gated

A

Mechanical deformations of the channel

26
Q

Local/graded potential

A

Usually generated in the neurons dendrites, accumulate and reach the trigger zone of the axon

Changes in membrane potential that vary in size, as opposed to being all or none

27
Q

Action potential

A

The electrical signal conducted along axons by which information is conveyed from one place to another in the nervous system- useful for long distances

28
Q

Difference between continuous and saltatory propagation of action potential

A

In saltatory action potential propagation the nerve will jump btw the spaces btw nodes of Ranvier which is faster than continuous conditions where the nerve impulse travels down the whole unmyelinated neuron

Myelinated vs unmyelinated

29
Q

Axosomatic synapses

A

Connection between an axon and the cell body

30
Q

Axodendritic synapses

A

Connection between an axon and a dendrite

31
Q

Axoaxonic synapses

A

Connection between two axons

32
Q

Structure of a synapse

A

Synaptic terminal attaches to postsynaptic cell via the presynaptic membrane at the synaptic cleft.

Contains mitochondrion, vesicles and endoplasmic reticulum

33
Q

What are neurotransmitters?

A

Chemical messengers that transmit signals across a chemical synapse

34
Q

Most widely used neurotransmitter by the nervous system

A

Acetylcholine

A & P I (18 decks)

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